*Q) Which Constitutional Amendment Act is known as the “Mini Constitution” of India?*
*Q) भारत के किस संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम को “लघु संविधान (Mini Constitution)” कहा जाता है?*
A) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 ❤️
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978 🙏
C) 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 👍
D) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 🥰
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✅ Answer: C) Right to Property / संपत्ति का अधिकार 👍
• Originally, the Right to Property was a Fundamental Right under Articles 19(1)(f) and 31.
• It was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978.
• It is now a Constitutional/Legal Right under Article 300A.
• A person cannot be deprived of property except by authority of law.
• It is no longer enforceable under Article 32 as a Fundamental Right.
📌 UPSC Fact: The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 transformed the Right to Property from a Fundamental Right into a Constitutional Right. ✅
✅ Answer: C) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 👍
• Passed in 1988.
• Reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years.
• Amended Article 326 of the Constitution.
• Increased participation of youth in elections.
• Came into force on 28 March 1989.
📌 UPSC Fact: The voting age in India was originally 21 years and was lowered to 18 years through the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988. ✅
✅ Answer: C) Article 32 / अनुच्छेद 32 👍
Brief Explanation:
• Article 32 provides the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
• It allows citizens to directly approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
• The Supreme Court can issue writs such as Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto.
• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar called Article 32 the "Heart and Soul of the Constitution."
• Article 32 itself is a Fundamental Right.
📌 UPSC Fact:
While Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court, Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs not only for Fundamental Rights but also for other legal rights. ✅
*Q) Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Right to Constitutional Remedies?*
*Q) भारतीय संविधान का कौन-सा अनुच्छेद संवैधानिक उपचारों के अधिकार (Right to Constitutional Remedies) से संबंधित है?*
A) Article 19 / अनुच्छेद 19 ❤️
B) Article 21 / अनुच्छेद 21 🙏
C) Article 32 / अनुच्छेद 32 👍
D) Article 44 / अनुच्छेद 44 🥰
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🖌️Tributaries of Mahanadi river
🛡️Its upper course lies in the saucer-shaped basin called the "Chhattisgarh Plain".
🛡️This basin is surrounded by hills on the north, west and south as a result of which a large number of tributaries join the main river from these sides.
🛡️Left bank Tributaries: The Seonath, the Hasdeo, the Mand and the Ib.
🛡️Right bank Tributaries: The Ong, the Tel and the Jonk.
*Q) Which of the following institutions publishes the ‘Financial Stability Report’ in India?*
*Q) भारत में ‘वित्तीय स्थिरता रिपोर्ट’ निम्न में से कौन जारी करता है?*
(A) नीति आयोग / NITI Aayog 🙏
(B) भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक / Reserve Bank of India ❤️
(C) वित्त मंत्रालय / Ministry of Finance 😍
(D) भारतीय प्रतिभूति और विनिमय बोर्ड / SEBI 👍
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Volcano sites in the world
India : Baratang and Barren
Indonasia : Krakatau, Sinabung, Merapi
Japan : Mount Asma, Mt Aso, Mt Hakone, Mt Shindke
Mexico : Popocatépet, Volcán de Colima
US : Mt Cliveland, Mt Shishaldin
Ethiopia : Erta ale
UK : Kilauea (Hawai)
Papua New Guinea : Bagana
Antartica : Mt Erebus
Russia : Chirinkotan, Shiveluch
Italy : Mt Etna, Stromboli
✅ Answer: A) Rajasthan / राजस्थान ❤️
Brief Explanation:
* Rajasthan is currently the largest producer of mica in India.
* Major mica-producing areas are located in Bhilwara, Ajmer, Jaipur, and Tonk districts.
* Mica is widely used in electrical, electronic, and cosmetic industries due to its excellent insulating properties.
📌 UPSC Prelims Fact:
Earlier, Jharkhand was famous for mica production, but Rajasthan now leads in production. ✅
List of local winds along with their nature and the regions where they are commonly found: @SecureIAS
1. Fohn: Warm wind found in the Alps.
2. Chinook (Snow Eaters): Warm wind found in the Rockies.
3. KaBaisakhi: Warm wind found in North India.
4. Berg: Warm wind found in South Africa.
5. Zonda: Warm wind found in the Andes.
6. Loo: Warm wind found in the Indian subcontinent.
7. Santa Ana: Warm wind found along the coastal regions of the continents.
8. Southerly: Cold wind found in Southern California and New South Wales.
9. Burster Khamsin: Warm wind found in Egypt.
10. Harmattan: Warm wind found along the Guinea Coast.
11. Mistral: Cold wind found in Southeast France.
12. Puna: Cold wind found in the Andes.
13. Pampero: Cold wind found in South America.
14. Simoon: Warm wind found in the Arabian Peninsula.
15. Haboob: Warm wind found in Sudan.
16. Nor wester: Warm wind found in New Zealand. @SecureIAS
17. Bora: Cold wind found in Northern Italy.
18. Blizzard: Cold wind found in Canada and the USA.
19. Sirocco: Warm wind found from the Sahara to the Mediterranean Sea.
These local winds are influenced by specific geographical features, temperature differences, and pressure conditions in their respective regions.
*Q) Which is the largest biosphere reserve of India?*
*Q) भारत का सबसे बड़ा बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व कौन सा है ?*
*_________*
(A) Nilgiri / नीलगिरि 🥰
(B) Sundarbans / सुंदरबन ❤️
(C) Nanda Devi / नंदा देवी 👍
(D) Gulf of Mannar / मन्नार की खाड़ी 🙏
*_________*
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*Q) What is GDP?*
*Q) GDP क्या है?*
*__________*
(A) Gross Domestic Product / सकल घरेलू उत्पाद ❤️
(B) General Development Plan / सामान्य विकास योजना 🙏
(C) Gross Demand Price / सकल मांग मूल्य 🥰
(D) Government Domestic Policy / सरकारी घरेलू नीति 👍
*__________*
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*__________*
(B) 1917 🙏
Brief facts:
Led by Mahatma Gandhi, it was his first major movement in India.
Took place in Champaran.
Focused on farmers forced to grow indigo under the oppressive Tinkathia system.
Marked the beginning of Gandhi’s Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) in India.
The correct answer is:
(C) Non-Cooperation Movement ❤️
This was the movement where Mahatma Gandhi gave the call for ‘Non-Cooperation’ against British rule.
*Q) Which Constitutional Amendment Act is known as the “Mini Constitution” of India?*
*Q) भारत के किस संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम को “लघु संविधान (Mini Constitution)” कहा जाता है?*
A) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 ❤️
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978 🙏
C) 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 👍
D) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 🥰
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*Q) Which of the following is not a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution?*
*Q) निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा भारतीय संविधान के अंतर्गत मौलिक अधिकार नहीं है?*
A) Right to Equality / समानता का अधिकार ❤️
B) Right to Freedom / स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार 🙏
C) Right to Property / संपत्ति का अधिकार 👍
D) Right against Exploitation / शोषण के विरुद्ध अधिकार 🥰
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*Q) Which one of the following Constitutional Amendments lowered the voting age from 21 years to 18 years?*
*Q) निम्नलिखित में से किस संवैधानिक संशोधन द्वारा मतदान की आयु 21 वर्ष से घटाकर 18 वर्ष की गई?*
A) 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 / 42वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1976 ❤️
B) 44th Amendment Act, 1978 / 44वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1978 🙏
C) 61st Amendment Act, 1988 / 61वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1988 👍
D) 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 / 73वाँ संशोधन अधिनियम, 1992 🥰
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*Q) Who presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885?*
*Q) 1885 में भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के पहले अधिवेशन की अध्यक्षता किसने की थी?*
(A) Dadabhai Naoroji / दादाभाई नौरोजी 😍
(B) W.C. Bonnerjee / डब्ल्यू.सी. बनर्जी ❤️
(C) Badruddin Tyabji / बदरुद्दीन तैयबजी 🙏
(D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale / गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले 👍
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Q) Which one of the following rivers is known as the “Sorrow of Bihar”?
Q) निम्नलिखित में से किस नदी को “बिहार का शोक” कहा जाता है?
A) Gandak / गंडक ❤️
B) Kosi / कोसी 🙏
C) Son / सोन 👍
D) Punpun / पुनपुन 🥰
*Q) What is GDP?*
*Q) GDP क्या है?*
*__________*
(A) Gross Domestic Product / सकल घरेलू उत्पाद ❤️
(B) General Development Plan / सामान्य विकास योजना 🙏
(C) Gross Demand Price / सकल मांग मूल्य 🥰
(D) Government Domestic Policy / सरकारी घरेलू नीति 👍
*__________*
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*__________*
42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list. Those DPSPs are:
1⃣ Article 39 - To secure opportunities for healthy development of children.
2⃣ Article 39A - To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor.
3⃣ Article 43A - To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries
4⃣ Article 48A - To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life.
*Q) Which one of the following is known as the “Rice Bowl of India”?*
*Q) निम्नलिखित में से किसे “भारत का धान का कटोरा” कहा जाता है?*
A) Punjab / पंजाब ❤️
B) Haryana / हरियाणा 🙏
C) Andhra Pradesh / आंध्र प्रदेश 👍
D) West Bengal / पश्चिम बंगाल 🥰
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*Q) Which one of the following is the largest producer of mica in India?*
*Q) भारत में अभ्रक (Mica) का सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक राज्य कौन-सा है?*
A) Rajasthan / राजस्थान ❤️
B) Jharkhand / झारखंड 🙏
C) Andhra Pradesh / आंध्र प्रदेश 👍
D) Odisha / ओडिशा 🥰
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*भारत का राष्ट्रीय गान किसने लिखा था?*
*Who wrote the National Anthem of India?*
*(A) Rabindranath Tagore ❤️*
*(B) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee 🙏*
*(C) Mahatma Gandhi 😮*
*(D) Subhash Chandra Bose 👍*
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*Q) Which river valley is known as the “Ruhr of India” due to coal and steel industries?*
*Q) कोयला व इस्पात उद्योग के कारण भारत का “रूर घाटी” किसे कहा जाता है?*
*___*
A) Damodar Valley / दामोदर घाटी ❤️
B) Mahanadi Valley / महानदी घाटी 🙏
C) Godavari Valley / गोदावरी घाटी 👍
D) Son Valley / सोन घाटी 🥰
*_*
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*‘स्वदेशी आंदोलन’ किस घटना के विरोध में शुरू हुआ था?*
*The Swadeshi Movement was started in protest against which event?*
*(A) Partition of Bengal 😮*
*(B) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 🙏*
*(C) Rowlatt Act ❤️*
*(D) Simon Commission 👍*
*Answer with emojis*
*चंपारण सत्याग्रह किस वर्ष शुरू हुआ था?*
*In which year did the Champaran Satyagraha begin?*
*(A) 1915 😮*
*(B) 1917 🙏*
*(C) 1919 ❤️*
*(D) 1920 👍*
*Answer with emojis*
*किस आंदोलन में गांधी जी ने 'असहयोग' का आह्वान किया था?*
*In which movement did Gandhi Ji call for 'Non-Cooperation'?*
*(A) Quit India Movement 😮*
*(B) Dandi March 🙏*
*(C) Non-Cooperation Movement ❤️*
*(D) Civil Disobedience 👍*
*Answer with emojis*
Which of the following is a feature of the Fundamental Rights in India?
👍a) They can be suspended during Emergency
❤️b) They are absolute in nature
😮c) They apply only to citizens in all cases
🙏d) They cannot be amended
Answer With Emojis 🤓
