🔆Hindustan Republican Association

✅ Founded by : Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Sachindra Nath Bakshi and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
✅Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh joined later.
✅ Cause of formation : Disillusioned with Gandhi’s non-violence and calling off Non-cooperation movement (NCM) in 1922.
✅ Manifesto : Krantikari (Revolutionary) was released in 1925.
✅ Objective : To establish a federal Republic of United States of India with universal suffrage and socialist principles by an organized and armed revolution.

#pre_revision
#history

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🔆Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI)

✅Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI) is a trilateral approach to trade, mooted by Japan with India and Australia as the key-partners in 2021.
✅ The initiative aims to reduce the dependency on a single nation (at present China).
✅ SCRI is a direct response to individual companies and economies concerned about Chinese political behaviour and the disruption that could lead to the supply chain.
✅SCRI aims to attract foreign direct investment to turn the Indo-Pacific into an “economic powerhouse”.

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Important Daily Quiz questions for UPSC Prelims 2024.

Average score: 9/20.

Solve: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1117

Telegram link: /channel/goalTide

Top 500 UPSC Prelims 2024 questions:
https://youtu.be/7HGepBVmM9g

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#Goodmorning  

⏳46 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 142 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]

⏳478 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳389 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
 
⏳ -53 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -152 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

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🔆Zombie ice

✅It is also known as dead or doomed ice.
✅ It is ice that is not receiving fresh snow even while continuing to be part of the parent ice sheet.
✅ There is an equilibrium state where the snow falling from higher altitudes of the ice cap flows down to recharge the glaciers’ edges, thereby thickening them.
✅Zombie ice melts away from the ice cap and blends into the ocean.
✅ In the last few decades, more melting and less replenishment have been seen.
✅ Without replenishment, the doomed ice is melting from climate change and will inevitably raise seas.

#environment
#pre_revision

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🔆Udayarpalayam Palace

✅Udayarpalayam in Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu
✅Built in 18th century by the then Zamindars.
✅South Indian secular architecture.
✅The foundation is made of granite boulders and pillars.
✅It resembles Thirumalai Nayakkar Mahal of Madurai.
✅The palace includes, Lakshmi Vilasam (A court hall), Krishna Vilasam (Hall for dance and music concerts), and a Marriage hall.
✅Stucco images - The skeleton of every image (dancers and others) was made of wood, covered with cloth over which plastering was done and final touches were given with lime and sand paste.
🔶Rulers of Udayarpalayam
✅Udayarpalayam rulers lived as poligars.
✅Palaiyakkarars, or Poligar, in Andhra and Tamil Nadu refers to the holder of a small kingdom (palayam) as a feudatory to a greater sovereign.
✅Genealogy : The names of the rulers start with the title Kachi, indicating that they had migrated from Kancheepuram.
✅1st ruler : Kachi Yuvarangappa Kalakka Tola Udayar.
✅Currency : Udayarpalayam puthupanam
✅Political scenario : They submitted to the Mughals when they took Gingee and paid Peshkash (tribute).
✅During Anglo-French struggle, they supported British.

#art_and_culture
#pre_revision

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🔆Rakhigarhi

✅The NCERT recently introduced certain revisions to the history syllabus of Class 12 students, highlighting that Harappans were based out in Rakhigarhi.
✅It is an archaeological site located in Hisar district, Haryana, just 27 km from the Ghaggar river, in the Ghaggar-Hakra river plain.
✅It is one of the oldest and largest cities of the subcontinent’s earliest known Bronze Age urban culture—the Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization, going back to about 6500 BCE.
✅It is one of the five known biggest townships of Harappan civilization on the Indian sub-continent.

📍Findings:

✅The exploration around this site has clearly identified seven archaeological mounds.
✅Rakhigarhi primarily yields evidence of occupation during the Early and Mature Harappan periods, with the site being completely abandoned during the Late Harappan period.
✅The archaeological excavations revealed the mature Harappan phase, represented by a planned township with mud-brick as well as burnt-brick houses with a proper drainage system.
✅The ceramic industry represented by red ware, which included dish-on-stand, vase, jar, bowl, beaker, perforated jar, goblet and handis.

#art_and_culture
#pre_revision

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Installed Power Generation Capacity by Centre, State and Private Sector. Just have a look.

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Date clashes with upsc

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🔆Article 244A : Allows for creation of "an autonomous state" within Assam in certain tribal areas.

✅It also envisages creation of the local legislature or council of ministers or both two carry out local administration.
✅ This article inserted in the constitution by 22nd constitutional amendment act 1969.
✅ It accounts for more autonomous power to tribal areas than the 6th schedule. Among these the most important power is the control over law and order.

(In autonomous councils under 6th schedule they don't have jurisdiction of law and order)

#pre_revision
#polity

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Important Daily Quiz questions for UPSC Prelims 2024.

Average score: 9/20.

Solve: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1116

Telegram link: /channel/goalTide

Top 500 UPSC Prelims 2024 questions:
https://youtu.be/7HGepBVmM9g

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🔆Rooftop solarization and muftbijli

✅Finance Minister said that through rooftop solarization, one crore households will be enabled to obtain up to 300 units free electricity every month. This scheme follows the resolve of Prime Minister on the historic day of consecration of Ram Mandir in Ayodhya.

✅The benefits expected from this are as follows:

✅Savings up to fifteen to eighteen thousand rupees annually for households from free solar electricity and selling the surplus to the distribution companies;
✅Charging of electric vehicles;
Entrepreneurship opportunities for a large number of vendors for supply and installation;
✅Employment opportunities for the youth with technical skills in manufacturing, installation and maintenance;

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🧌The 5th schedule of the constitution deals with administration and control of schedule areas and scheduled Tribes in any state except the four states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

✅The whole of the normal administrative machinery operating in a state does not extend to the scheduled areas.

✅At present ten States like Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgar,h Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Telangana have 5th schedule area.

✅Tribal habitations in the state of Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka West Bengal Uttar Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir have not been brought under the 5th or 6th schedule.

✅The acts of the parliament or the state legislature do not apply to the autonomous districts and autonomous regions or apply with specified modification and exceptions.

✅The councils have been endowed with wide civil and criminal judicial powers, for example establishing village courts etc. However, the jurisdiction of these councils is subject to jurisdiction of the concerned High court.

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Day 19:14 January target:

Economy:
Topics -
Economy sectional test Or any test you want to give..

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.


@upsc_answer_written

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Surbhi goyal AIR 78 2021
Essay NOTES

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🔆Louis Pasteur

✅Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist who is known for his discoveries in vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization.
✅ He is considered one of the first scientists to discover the role of microorganisms in disease and how vaccines can prevent sickness. He developed the vaccine against Rabies.

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Detailed Advertisment Entrance Exam 2024 for Training Program 2024 25 of UPSC CSE 2025

SPIPA exam date:23/06/2024
SPIPA is autonomous body of GJ govt.
Training GJ aspirant for CSE and other exams.

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Thousand Pillar Temple or Rudreshwara Swamy Temple, Telangana

✅ It was built in 12th century by the Kakatiya King Rudra Deva.
✅ It is a star-shaped, triple shrine (Trikutalayam) dedicated to Vishnu, Shiva and Surya. They are known as Trikutalayam.
✅Thousand Pillar Temple, along with Warangal Fort, Kakatiya Kala Thoranam and Ramappa Temple are added to the tentative list of World Heritage sites recognised by UNESCO.

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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Analysis of marks of CSE-23 selected candidates
Compiled this for community
@alvskrishna

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🔆Biological Weapons Convention

✅ Founded in 1972
✅The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC), also known as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) opened for signature in 1972.
✅It was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning the production of an entire category of weapons.
✅ The Geneva Protocol prohibits use but not possession or development of chemical and biological weapons.
✅ BWC commits the states to prohibit the development, production, and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons.
☑️ It has 183 members (including India).
✅ The absence of any formal verification regime to monitor compliance has limited the effectiveness of the Convention.
✅Permitted purposes under the BWC are defined as prophylactic, protective and other peaceful purposes.

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Categories of Land gifted during chola dynasty

✅ Vellanvagai : Land of non-Brahmana peasant proprietors
✅ Brahmadeya : Land gifted to Brahmanas
✅Shalabhoga : Land for the maintenance of a school
✅ Devadana, tirunamattukkani : Land gifted to temples
✅ Pallichchhandam : Land donated to Jaina institutions.

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#Goodmorning  

⏳47 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 143 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]

⏳479 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳390 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
 
⏳ -54 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -153 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

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🧌The 6th schedule of the constitution provides for the administration of tribal areas in Assam Meghalaya Tripura and Mizoram to safeguard the rights of the tribal population in these States.
✅The special provision is provided under article 244 (2) and article 275 (1) of the constitution.
✅In Assam, the hill districts Dima hasao, Karbi anglong and West Karbi territorial reason are under this provision.
✅The Governor is empowered to increase or decrease the areas or change the names of the autonomous districts.
✅While executive powers of the union extend in scheduled areas wrt their administration in 5th schedule, the 6th schedule areas remain within executive authority of the state.


#pre_revision
#polity

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UPSC-CDS-1, 2024 GS paper

Hindi & English both medium

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🔆Chemical Weapons Convention

✅ Founded in 1993
✅The Chemical Weapons Convention is officially known as the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction.
✅The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is the implementing body.
✅ The CWC is open to all nations and currently has 193 parties
o Israel has signed but not ratified the agreement.
✅ Egypt, North Korea and South Sudan have neither signed nor acceded to the treaty.
✅ The CWC is the world’s first multilateral disarmament agreement to provide for the elimination of an entire
category of weapons of mass destruction within a fixed time frame.
✅India and CWC - India signed in 1993 and enacted Chemical Weapons Convention Act in 2000.
✅National Authority Chemical Weapons Convention (NACWC) has been established under the Chemical Weapons Convention Act, 2000 for implementing the provisions of the Convention.

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Good morning to all of you.. I hope you all are well.

There are 50-60 most important topics for upsc and almost for all state pcs too. Also, last year in the UPSC preliminary exam ,there were many factual questions , so considering the same, I would like to discuss around 50+ important topics via Voice Chat in the evening(daily). But first, I'm creating a poll, if I think aspirants are interested then I'll start by tomorrow or day after tomorrow.
Good day..

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#Goodmorning  

⏳48 days for CSP24 [ 16-06-24]
⏳ 144 days for CSM24 [ 20-09-24]

⏳480 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
⏳391 days left CSP25 [ 25-05-25]
 
⏳ -55 days mppsc pre 2024 ( 23 June 2024)
⏳ -154 days for 70th bpsc prelims (30 sept)

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

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Ibn Batuta

✅Born in Morocco, North Africa
✅Choose travel as a source of knowledge more than books.
✅Visited Syria, Iraq, Persia, Yemen, Oman, the coast of East Africa, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, China etc.
✅Came India in the reign of Muhammad bin tughlaq (~1333) (via land route)
✅Appointed as qazi or judge of Delhi and in 1342, ordered to proceed to China as a Sultan's envoy to the Mongol ruler.
✅Book - Rihla (dictated by Ibn Batuta and written by Ibn Juzayy)
✅Also mentioned about Manglore port for export of pepper & ginger and Bengal's rice.

Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414)

✅ Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq 1320-25
✅ Muhammad bin tughlaq 1325-50/51
✅ Firoj Shah Tughlaq 1351-88.

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Abhijit Ray AIR 50. CSE 2021

Essay value addition material

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