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The Art and Culture is not only part of Exam Syllabus, it is part of our culture, society, rich heritage and epitome of our glorious past and present times. Join us to learn and explore it. 📞 @studuent_life_bot

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UPSC Art and culture

Geography quick revision notes part 1 bilingual

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UPSC Art and culture

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UPSC Art and culture

🔆 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship & Awards

📍 Why in News?
✅ The President of India will confer the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowships (Akademi Ratna) and Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards (Akademi Puraskar) for 2024 and 2025 at an investiture ceremony at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi

🔆 About the Awards

📍 Akademi Ratna
✅ Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship is the highest national honour conferred by India’s apex body for performing arts
✅ Limited to a maximum of 40 living eminent personalities at any given time
✅ First Akademi Fellow was elected in 1954

📍 Akademi Puraskar
✅ Premier national award recognising gurus, scholars and practitioners for sustained contribution and excellence in performing arts

🔆 Sangeet Natak Akademi

✅ Established in 1953 as the National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama
✅ Autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture
✅ Music awards originated as Presidential Awards in 1951 and were later integrated into the Akademi framework

🔆 Award Categories

📍 Music
✅ Hindustani – Vocal & Instrumental
✅ Carnatic – Vocal & Instrumental
✅ Sugam Sangeet
✅ Major traditions of Indian music

📍 Dance
✅ Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Manipuri, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Sattriya, Mohiniattam and Chhau
✅ Contemporary dance
✅ Music for dance

📍 Theatre
✅ Playwriting, direction and acting
✅ Lighting, scenic design, costumes and theatre music
✅ Traditional theatre forms

📍 Traditional, Folk & Tribal Arts
✅ Regional music and dance
✅ Puppetry and Mime
✅ Instrument-making and mask-making

📍 Overall Contribution & Scholarship
✅ Research, books, art criticism and overall contribution to performing arts

🔆 Award Benefits

📍 Akademi Ratna
✅ Cash award – ₹3 lakh
✅ Tamrapatra
✅ Angavastram
✅ Annual medical insurance cover up to ₹1.5 lakh

📍 Akademi Puraskar
✅ Cash award – ₹1 lakh
✅ Tamrapatra
✅ Angavastram
✅ Annual medical insurance cover up to ₹1 lakh

🔆 Eligibility & Selection

📍 Age Criteria
✅ Akademi Ratna – ordinarily 50 years or above
✅ Akademi Puraskar – ordinarily 35 years or above

📍 Eligibility
✅ Open to individuals without distinction of nationality, race, caste, religion or sex
✅ Institutions and associations are not eligible

📍 Nomination & Selection
✅ Nominations can be submitted by existing Fellows, General Council members, State Akademies and heads of universities
✅ Final selection is made by the General Council
✅ If unanimity is not reached, selection requires a three-fourths majority

📍 Restriction
✅ Serving members of the General Council and Executive Board are not eligible for consideration during their tenure

🔆 Prelims Facts
✅ Sangeet Natak Akademi → Established 1953
✅ Ministry → Ministry of Culture
✅ Akademi Ratna → Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
✅ Maximum Fellows → 40 living personalities
✅ First Akademi Fellow → 1954
✅ Akademi Puraskar → National award for performing arts
✅ Music Presidential Awards → Originated in 1951

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UPSC Art and culture

🔆 Kedarnath Temple

✅It is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva.
✅Location: It is located at a height of 3,584 meters on the Garhwal Himalayan range near the Mandakini river, in the Rudraprayag District of Uttarakhand.
✅Kedarnath forms one of the four sites of the Chota Char DhamPilgrimage circuit, and is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva in India.
✅Who build it? It is said that the Pandavas constructed the Kedarnath Temple which was later reconstructed by Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century A.D.

▪️Architecture:
✅It has exquisite architecture and is built of extremely large but evenly shaped grey stone slabs.
✅The stone slabs are interlocked with each other with the use of iron clamps.
✅No mortar has been used in the construction of the temple.
✅There is a conical rock structure inside the Kedarnath temple that is worshipped as the Sadashiva form of Shiva.
✅A “Garba Griha” for worship and a Mandap for pilgrims is placed inside the temple.

▪️What is Chota Char Dham Yatra?

✅It refers to the journey up the mountains to four sacred temples in the North Indian state of Uttarakhand.
✅The four temples that comprise Chota Char Dham are Yamunotri Dham, Gangotri Dham, Badrinath Dham and Kedarnath Dham.

▪️What are Jyotirlingas?

✅A Jyotirlinga is a shrine where Lord Shiva is worshipped in the form of a Jyotirlingam.
✅There are currently 12 main Jyotirlingas in India.
✅The 12 Jyotirlinga temples in India take the name of the presiding deity. Each considered a different manifestation of Lord Shiva.
12 Jyotirlingas in India are:
🔸Somnath Jyotirlinga in Gir, Gujarat,
🔸Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh,
🔸Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh,
🔸Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh,
🔸Baidyanath Jyotirlinga in Deoghar, Jharkhand,
🔸Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga in Maharashtra,
🔸Ramanathaswamy Jyotirlinga in Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu,
🔸Nageshwar Jyotirlinga in Dwarka, Gujarat,
🔸Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh,
🔸Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga in Nasik, Maharashtra,
🔸Kedarnath Jyotirlinga in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand,
🔸Ghrishneshwar Jyotirlinga in Aurangabad, Maharashtra.


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🔆 Bodhisattva Padmapani – Ajanta Gupta Period

📍 🎨 Key Details
✅ Located in Ajanta Cave No. 1, painted on the back wall of the interior hall.
✅ Depicts Bodhisattva holding a Padma (Lotus) in his right hand, symbolizing compassion.

📍 🖌 Artistic Features
✅ Three bends (tribhanga) posture creates movement & dynamism.
✅ Merged outlines & body volume give a soft three-dimensional effect.
✅ Elongated eyes & adorned crown, with a slight head tilt enhancing grace.
✅ Natural body colors, sharp straight nose, and white beaded necklace attract attention.

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UPSC Art and culture

🔆 India’s Cultural Diplomacy

📍 Why in News?
✅ India is strengthening its Cultural Diplomacy to deepen mutual understanding, people-to-people ties, and international partnerships

🔆 What is Cultural Diplomacy?
✅ Use of culture as a strategic instrument to promote national interests and strengthen international relations
✅ Involves exchange of ideas, values, traditions, arts, heritage, and identity

🔆 Significance of Cultural Diplomacy

📍 Soft Power
✅ Enhances India’s global influence through Yoga, Bollywood, Cricket, Indian cuisine, music, and arts
✅ Example – International Day of Yoga declared by the UN

📍 Diaspora Engagement
✅ Strengthens relations with the Indian diaspora, which acts as a cultural bridge between India and host countries
✅ Example – India Day declared in Massachusetts, USA (2026)

📍 Strengthening Bilateral Relations
✅ Sustained cultural engagement complements bilateral and multilateral diplomacy
✅ Example – India–ASEAN cultural exchanges

📍 Tourism & Economic Linkages
✅ Promotes India’s heritage, cuisine, arts, and traditions
✅ Supports tourism and wider economic engagement
✅ Buddhist diplomacy strengthens India’s cultural ties with countries such as Japan and Sri Lanka

🔆 Major Initiatives

📍 Global Engagement Scheme (GES)
✅ Umbrella framework for India’s bilateral and multilateral cultural cooperation

📍 International Cultural Exchange Programme (ICEP)
✅ Organises Festivals of India, artist exchanges, and Cultural Exchange Programmes

📍 Project Mausam
✅ Highlights India’s historical maritime cultural connections across the Indian Ocean

📍 Brihattar Bharat
✅ Promotes India’s historical and civilisational cultural linkages

📍 Scheme for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage
✅ Focuses on preservation and promotion of India’s intangible cultural heritage

📍 Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR)
✅ Promotes Indian culture abroad through cultural centres, exhibitions, exchanges, and educational programmes

📍 Heritage Conservation
✅ Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and Ministry of External Affairs collaborate on restoration of heritage sites abroad
✅ Examples – Angkor Wat and Ta Prohm in Cambodia

📍 Diaspora Initiatives
✅ Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) strengthens engagement with overseas Indians
✅ Know India Programme (KIP) connects diaspora youth with India’s culture, heritage, and contemporary society

🔆 Prelims Facts

✅ Cultural Diplomacy → Culture as an instrument of international relations
✅ GES → Global Engagement Scheme
✅ ICEP → International Cultural Exchange Programme
✅ ICCR → Indian Council for Cultural Relations
✅ Project Mausam → Indian Ocean maritime cultural connections
✅ Brihattar Bharat → Historical and civilisational linkages
✅ KIP → Connects diaspora youth with India
✅ ASI + MEA → Collaboration for restoration of heritage sites abroad

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Pradhan Mantri Surya Sarovar Yojana (PM-SSY)

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Geography quick revision notes part 1 bilingual

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UPSC Art and culture

🔆 Sowa-Rigpa & Bhoti-Language Manuscripts

📍 Why in News?
✅ Ayush Minister Prataprao Jadhav called for global recognition of Sowa-Rigpa as an evidence-based system of medicine
✅ He also emphasised preservation of ancient Bhoti-language manuscripts containing valuable knowledge of Sowa-Rigpa

🔆 About Sowa-Rigpa

📍 What is it?
✅ Sowa-Rigpa is one of the world’s oldest traditional systems of medicine
✅ Also known as the Amchi System and Tibetan Medicine
✅ The term Sowa-Rigpa means “Knowledge of Healing” and originates from the Bhoti language
✅ Buddha is traditionally regarded as the originator of this system

📍 Geographical Spread
✅ Developed and strengthened in the Trans-Himalayan region
✅ Practised in Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Darjeeling
✅ Also practised in parts of China, Nepal, Bhutan, Mongolia, and Russia

🔆 Key Features
✅ More than 75% of its texts are derived from Ashtanga Hridaya, an important classical text of Ayurveda
✅ Uses several Indian medicinal plants and formulations, including Ashwagandha, Guggulu, Triphala, Ashoka, and Haridra
✅ Gyud-Zi (Four Tantras) is the fundamental textbook of Sowa-Rigpa
✅ Recognised under India’s Ayush framework
✅ Represents an important repository of Trans-Himalayan traditional medical knowledge

🔆 National Institute of Sowa-Rigpa
✅ National Institute of Sowa-Rigpa is India’s apex institution for education, research, and healthcare in the Sowa-Rigpa system

🔆 Bhoti-Language Manuscripts

📍 What are they?
✅ Historical, religious, and medical texts written in the traditional Bhoti script
✅ Bhoti script is derived from the Tibetan script
✅ Traditionally used extensively in Buddhist monasteries for religious teachings and scriptures
✅ Some manuscripts preserve centuries-old knowledge of Sowa-Rigpa

🔆 Significance
✅ Preservation of Bhoti manuscripts can help safeguard traditional medical knowledge and cultural heritage
✅ Scientific study and documentation can support the evidence-based validation of traditional practices
✅ Recognition of Sowa-Rigpa can strengthen India’s traditional medicine diplomacy and cultural heritage
✅ Protecting manuscripts is important for preventing the loss of indigenous knowledge passed through generations

🔆 Prelims Facts

✅ Sowa-Rigpa → “Knowledge of Healing”
✅ Also known as → Amchi / Tibetan Medicine
✅ Core text → Gyud-Zi (Four Tantras)
✅ Major influence → Ashtanga Hridaya
✅ Region → Trans-Himalayan region
✅ Bhoti script → Derived from Tibetan script
✅ National Institute of Sowa-Rigpa → India’s apex institution for education, research and healthcare in Sowa-Rigpa

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🔆 Dhabaleswar Temple, Odisha

📍 Why in News?
✅ President Droupadi Murmu offered prayers at the Dhabaleswar Temple during her three-day visit to Odisha

📍 About Dhabaleswar Temple
✅ Location: Hillock-like island in the Mahanadi River, near Cuttack, Odisha
✅ Dedicated to: Lord Shiva
✅ Name: Dhabala means white and Ishwar means God
✅ Legend associates the name with Lord Shiva turning a black calf white
✅ Architecture: Kalinga style, with sandstone structure and pyramidal roof
✅ Historic stone carvings date to the 10th–11th centuries
✅ Temple has three main chambers, with the central chamber housing Lord Shiva’s idol
✅ Jagamohan features intricate carvings of animals, birds and mythological figures
✅ Distinctive two-tiered terracotta-tiled roof

📍 Religious Significance
✅ Bada Osha, observed before Kartika Purnima, is a major festival attracting lakhs of devotees

📍 UPSC Mains Question
Q. Discuss the significance of temple architecture in understanding India’s cultural heritage, with special reference to the Kalinga style of Odisha. (10 Marks | 150 Words)

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🔆 A&C – Archaeology | Did the Iron Age in India Begin in Tamil Nadu?

📍 Context
✅ Tamil Nadu CM claimed that the Iron Age began in Tamil Nadu around 5,300 years ago, based on archaeological findings from multiple sites

📍 Iron Age in India – Evolution of Dating
✅ Earlier estimates placed the beginning around 700–600 BCE
✅ Later radiocarbon dating pushed it back to around 1800 BCE, with evidence from the Central Ganga Plain and Eastern Vindhyas
✅ Recent Tamil Nadu findings suggest iron metallurgy may have been established as early as 3300 BCE

📍 Major Iron Age Sites
✅ Raja Nala-ka-tila, UP – Iron tools and slag in pre-NBP deposits, 1400–800 BCE
✅ Malhar, UP – Iron metallurgy and large-scale smelting, 1200 BCE
✅ Dadupur, UP – Evidence of furnaces and smelting, 1000 BCE
✅ Hastinapur, UP – Iron tools associated with Painted Grey Ware, 1000 BCE
✅ Ahar, Rajasthan – Early iron artefacts in Chalcolithic context, 2500–1700 BCE
✅ Naikund, Maharashtra – Iron-smelting furnace, 1000 BCE
✅ Mahurjhari, Maharashtra – Copper horse ornaments with iron knobs, 800 BCE

📍 Tamil Nadu Evidence
✅ Mayiladumparai – Iron use dated to around 3300 BCE
✅ Paiyampalli – Large-scale iron smelting, 1200 BCE
✅ Sivagalai – Early iron smelting, 1100 BCE
✅ Adichanallur – Megalithic iron tools and burial urns, 1000 BCE

📍 New Discoveries
✅ Tamil Nadu State Archaeology Department findings suggest iron smelting began between 3345 BCE and 2953 BCE
✅ Excavations at Sivagalai, Adichanallur, Kilnamandi and Mayiladumparai indicate very early iron technology
✅ Limited copper ore availability in South India may have encouraged early adoption of iron technology

📍 Significance
✅ Challenges the conventional narrative regarding the origin and chronology of iron technology in India
✅ Suggests that South India, particularly Tamil Nadu, may have witnessed very early iron metallurgy
✅ Highlights the importance of archaeological evidence and scientific dating in reconstructing India’s technological history
✅ However, the claim that the Iron Age “began” in Tamil Nadu requires broader archaeological corroboration and should be distinguished from evidence of early iron use or smelting

📍 UPSC Mains Question
Q. Recent archaeological findings in Tamil Nadu have challenged conventional understandings of the chronology of the Iron Age in India. Discuss the significance of these findings for understanding India’s technological and cultural evolution. (10 Marks | 150 Words)

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🔆 Hero Stone (Veeragallu)

📍 Why in News?
✅ A 12th-century Hero Stone (Veeragallu) was unearthed during temple restoration at Neeragunda village, Arsikere taluk, Karnataka
✅ The Kannada inscription on the stone confirms the death of Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana on 11 December 1141, resolving a long-standing historical debate

🔆 About Hero Stone
✅ A Hero Stone (Veeragallu) is a carved memorial stone erected to honour warriors, chieftains, or heroes who sacrificed their lives in battle or while protecting society
✅ Also known as Nadukal/Nandikal in different parts of South India

🔆 Origin & History
✅ Origin dates back to the Iron Age and Sangam Period (3rd century BCE)
✅ Evolved from simple megalithic menhirs into sculpted memorial stones
✅ Flourished between the 5th and 14th centuries CE
✅ Widely patronised by the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Gangas, Kadambas, and Hoysalas

🔆 Key Features
📍 Three-Tier Narrative
✅ Bottom Panel – Depicts the battle, cattle raid, or event leading to the hero’s death
✅ Middle Panel – Shows Apsaras carrying the hero’s soul to heaven
✅ Top Panel – Depicts the hero worshipping a deity, usually Shiva Linga or Vishnu

📍 Inscriptions
✅ Contain details of the hero’s lineage, battle, ruling king, and date
✅ Usually written in Old Kannada, Vatteluttu, or other regional scripts

📍 Symbolism
✅ Often depicts the Sun and Moon (Achandrarkam), symbolising the hero’s eternal fame

📍 Types
✅ Gograhana – Hero died while protecting cattle
✅ Turugol – Hero died while recovering stolen livestock
✅ Penbuyyal – Hero died while protecting women

📍 Location
✅ Commonly installed near village boundaries, temples, sacred groves, and tank bunds for community remembrance

🔆 Significance
✅ Helps reconstruct historical chronology through inscriptions
✅ Provides valuable evidence on wars, rulers, social customs, and local administration
✅ Confirms King Vishnuvardhana’s death on 11 December 1141
✅ Highlights the Garuda tradition of the Hoysalas, where royal bodyguards sacrificed themselves after the king’s death, symbolising exceptional loyalty

🔆 Prelims Facts
✅ Earliest examples date to the Sangam Period
✅ Most commonly found in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra
✅ Flourished under the Hoysalas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Gangas, and Kadambas
✅ Important source for studying South Indian history, epigraphy, warfare, and society

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🔆 Vaishya Tekri & Buddhist Stupas

📍 Why in News?
✅ Madhya Pradesh plans to restart excavation at the Vaishya Tekri site in Ujjain
✅ The site contains a huge Maurya-era Buddhist stupa, partially excavated during 1938–39
✅ The stupa is believed to have the potential to be larger than the Great Stupa at Sanchi
✅ It is a centrally protected archaeological site under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)

🔆 About Stupa

📍 What is a Stupa?
✅ A stupa was originally a mound constructed to preserve Buddha’s relics, bodily remains, or objects associated with him
✅ The tradition of constructing burial or commemorative mounds may have pre-Buddhist origins
✅ According to the Ashokavadana, Emperor Ashoka distributed portions of Buddha’s relics among important towns and ordered the construction of stupas over them

🔆 Components of a Stupa

✅ Anda – Hemispherical mound derived from the original earth mound
✅ Harmika – Balcony-like structure above the anda, traditionally associated with the abode of gods
✅ Yashti – Central pole rising from the harmika
✅ Chhatri – Umbrella placed over the yashti
✅ Vedika / Railing – Separates the sacred space from the surrounding secular space
✅ Torana – Gateway, often decorated with elaborate carvings
✅ Pradakshinapatha – Circumambulatory path around the stupa

🔆 Types of Stupas

📍 Relic Stupa
✅ Contains relics or remains of Buddha, Buddhist disciples, or saints
✅ Example – Piprahwa Stupa, Uttar Pradesh

📍 Object Stupa
✅ Preserves sacred objects associated with Buddha or Buddhist teachers
✅ Example – Kesariya Stupa, Bihar

📍 Commemorative Stupa
✅ Commemorates important events or places associated with Buddha’s life
✅ Examples – Dharmarajika Stupa at Sarnath and Ashokan Stupa at Bodh Gaya

📍 Symbolic Stupa
✅ Symbolises Buddha and his Dhamma
✅ May exist with or without relics

📍 Votive Stupa
✅ Small stupas constructed by pilgrims and devotees at important Buddhist centres

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🔆 National Mission for Cultural Mapping (NMCM)

📍 About
• Launched: 2017
• Nodal Ministry: Union Ministry of Culture
• Purpose: To create a comprehensive database of India’s art forms, artists, and cultural resources.

📍 Aim
• To map, document, and preserve India’s diverse cultural heritage.
• To provide a cultural resource repository for future policy and promotion.

📍 Village Documentation
• Over 1 lakh villages identified & documented.
• Categorised into 7–8 groups based on:
✅ Mythological importance
✅ Ecological uniqueness
✅ Developmental role
✅ Scholastic/cultural contributions

📍 Budget
• ₹469 crores approved in 2017 (3-year period).

📍 Field Surveys
• Conducted jointly by:
✅ Ministry of Culture
✅ Common Services Centres (CSC) under MeitY
• Surveys documented local art, artists & traditions.

✨ Significance
• Helps preserve intangible cultural heritage.
• Empowers local artists with recognition & policy support.
• Strengthens India’s soft power & cultural diplomacy.

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11 golden rules essay score 150+

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UPSC MAINS 2026-27 Short NOTES THAT SAVE YOUR TIME!

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Important Conferences Related to Environment

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ETHICS SHORTS NOTES Anmol Vachan

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UPSC Art and culture

🔆 Folk Theatre of India

📍 Northern & Western India

✅ Bhand Pather (Kashmir)
Humour-based theatre using satire, wit & parody; incorporates instruments like surnai, nagara & dhol

✅ Bhaona (Assam)
Presentation of Ankia Naat; begins in Sanskrit by Sutradhar, later shifts to Brajaboli/Assamese

✅ Bhavai (Gujarat)
Popular in Kutch & Kathiawar; blends devotional & romantic themes

✅ Garodas (Gujarat)
Uses painted pictures to narrate stories of romance & valour

✅ Kariyila (Himachal Pradesh)
Open-air night theatre with small plays & skits

✅ Powada (Maharashtra)
Ballads on Shivaji’s heroic deeds; sung by Gondhalis & Shahirs

✅ Tamaasha (Maharashtra)
Female performer (Murki) central; features classical music, fast footwork & expressive gestures

📍 Southern India

✅ Burra Katha (Andhra Pradesh)
Oral storytelling by main narrator + two co-artists; uses Burra percussion instrument

✅ Chavittu Natakam (Kerala)
17th-century Christian art form; known as “stamping drama”

✅ Krishnattam (Kerala)
Originated under King Manavada of Calicut; eight plays over eight days

✅ Kuravanji (Tamil Nadu)
Dance-drama on a love-struck heroine; performed in Bharatanatyam style

✅ Mudiyettu (Kerala)
Ritual theatre in Kali temples; depicts Bhadrakali’s victory over Darika

✅ Therukoothu (Tamil Nadu)
Harvest-linked theatre; cycle of eight plays on Draupadi

✅ Villu Pattu (Deccan)
Musical narration of Ramayana stories

✅ Yakshagana (Karnataka)
Open-air theatre based on Mahabharata & Ramayana

📍 Eastern India

✅ Dashavatara (Konkan & Goa)
Depicts ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu; stylised masks & make-up

✅ Daskathia (Odisha)
Two narrators — Gayaka & Palia; musical accompaniment with kathia

✅ Oja-Pali (Assam)
Linked to Manasa festival; Oja (lead narrator) & Pali (chorus)

📍 North-Central Belt

✅ Raasleela (Uttar Pradesh)
Based on Lord Krishna’s legends; blends prose dialogue & songs

✅ Swang (Punjab & Haryana)
Music-based evolving into prose; styles in Rohtak (Haryanvi) & Hathras (Brajbhasha)

📍 Other Important Forms
✅ Maach (Madhya Pradesh)
✅ Naqal/Bhand (Punjab)
✅ Nautanki (Uttar Pradesh)
✅ Pagati Veshalu (Telangana & Andhra Pradesh)
✅ Padayani (Kerala)
✅ Tal-Maddale (Karnataka)
✅ Bayalata (Karnataka)

📌 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS-1 – Indian Culture
✅ Important for Prelims matching questions
✅ Value addition for Mains answers on cultural diversity

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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UPSC Art and culture

ETHICS SHORTS NOTES Anmol Vachan

STOP Memorizing Heavy Textbooks! Master the Ethics syllabus with a highly structured, plug-and-play notes package.

What's Inside?

✅Theoretical Portion simplified into 29 crisp pages + applied ethics issues in 12 pages

✅Latest Current Affairs Integration (AI Ethics, data privacy, gig economy etc)

✅Diagrams & Flowcharts to make your answers stand out

✅Delivered via high-quality PNG Images on Telegram

✅Last-minute revision friendly visual layouts

🎯 Stop Overthinking Ethics. Learn to Write What the Examiner Wants!

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UPSC Art and culture

UPSC MAINS 2026-27 | GS PAPER-I | SOCIETY NOTES

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UPSC Art and culture

UPSC MAINS 2026-27 | WORLD HISTORY SHORT NOTES (Anmol Vachan)

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UPSC Art and culture

UPSC MAINS 2026-27 | ETHICS SHORTS NOTES Anmol Vachan

STOP Memorizing Heavy Textbooks! Master the Ethics syllabus with a highly structured, plug-and-play notes package.

What's Inside?

✅Theoretical Portion simplified into 29 crisp pages + applied ethics issues in 12 pages

✅Latest Current Affairs Integration (AI Ethics, data privacy, gig economy etc)

✅Diagrams & Flowcharts to make your answers stand out

✅Delivered via high-quality PNG Images on Telegram

✅Last-minute revision friendly visual layouts

🎯 Stop Overthinking Ethics. Learn to Write What the Examiner Wants!

💸 Price: ₹99 Only (199rs)

Contact - @Mains_Short_notes_bot

A small investment for a rank that can change your entire life.

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UPSC Art and culture

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