Today I Learn

08 August 2023 18:40

​​What Is A Vacuum Bomb And How Does It Work?

A thermobaric weapon, also called an aerosol bomb, a vacuum bomb or a fuel air explosive, is a type of explosive that uses oxygen from the surrounding air to generate a high-temperature explosion. The fuel–air explosive is one of the best-known types of thermobaric weapons. Thermobaric weapons are controversial because they are much more devastating than conventional explosives of similar size, and have a terrible impact on anyone caught in their blast radius.

This can be launched as a rocket or dropped as a bomb from aircraft. When it hits its target, the first explosive charge opens the container and widely scatters fuel mixture as a cloud. This cloud can penetrate any building openings or defences that are not totally sealed. A second charge then detonates the cloud, resulting in a huge fireball, a massive blast wave and a vacuum which sucks up all surrounding oxygen. The weapon can destroy reinforced buildings, equipment and kill or injure people.

They are used for a variety of purposes and come in a range of sizes - including weapons for use by individual soldiers such as grenades and hand-held rocket launchers.
Huge air-launched versions have also been designed, specifically to kill defenders in caves and tunnel complexes - the effects of this weapon are at their most severe in enclosed spaces.

Given their devastating impact, and their usefulness against defenders who are dug in to buildings or bunkers, thermobaric bombs have mainly been used in urban environments. There are no international laws specifically banning their use, but if a country uses them to target civilian populations in built-up areas, schools or hospitals, then it could be convicted of a war crime under the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

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02 August 2023 04:51

​​How Do Hydrogen-Powered Cars Work?

Hydrogen is considered a fuel of the future. So how do hydrogen-powered cars work? Molecular hydrogen is a gas. As a chemical element, hydrogen is the most common element on Earth. And it contains a lot of chemical energy.

The fuel cell is a device that takes chemical energy, in the form of hydrogen, and turns it into electricity that can power an electric motor, just like a battery. So, a hydrogen-powered car is powered with an electric motor.

First, hydrogen stored in a tank (that is thick-walled and crash-tested, and usually under the rear seat) is mixed with air and pumped into the fuel cell. Inside the cell, a chemical reaction extracts electrons from the hydrogen.

The leftover hydrogen protons move across the cell and combine with oxygen from the air to produce water. Meanwhile the electrons create electricity, which charges a small storage battery used to power an electric drivetrain (just like in an electric vehicle).

This is why the vehicles are called Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV), as compared to the battery electric vehicles (BEV) which are seen increasingly on our roads already.

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30 July 2023 02:44

​​What Were The Oscar Statuettes Made Of During World War II?

Officially named the Academy Award of Merit, the statuette is better known by its nickname, Oscar. Throughout most of Academy Award history, the Oscar statuettes have been crafted of solid bronze and plated in 24-karat gold.

Oscar statuettes are 13.5 inches tall and weigh eight-and-a-half pounds. That's a hefty little metal guy to be clutching when you're emotionally overwhelmed and being broadcast live around the world. But for three years during World War II, Academy Award winners bore a lighter load when they accepted their statuettes.

However, due to a metal shortage during World War II, Oscars were made of painted plaster for three years. Following the war, the Academy invited recipients to redeem the plaster figures for gold-plated versions. The design of the statuette depicts a knight standing on a reel of film, holding a sword.

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26 July 2023 19:25

​​What is Explosive Reactive Armour? How does it Work?

Explosive reactive armour (ERA) is a type of armour that is used in modern tanks and other armoured vehicles to protect them from projectiles that employ shaped charged warheads. An ERA is extremely effective on HEAT and HESH rounds. It also protects the vehicle from APFSDS rounds up to some extent. However, some APFSDS rounds with tungsten or depleted Uranium cores are able to penetrate most of the modern ERAs.
Explosive Reactive Armour is a peculiar type of armour that uses explosive charges to defend from other explosives which are fired at it. So let us understand how it works.
Most of the well-protected tanks like the British Challenger, American Abrams, German Leopard and Indian Arjun use composite armours made of high strength materials like depleted uranium. Often these armours are covered by explosive reactive armours to complement the armour’s protection.
So now let us understand how the Explosive armour works. A typical explosive reactive armour consists of plastic explosives like C4 sandwiched between two metal plates. These are mounted on the top of the regular tank armour. When the warhead hits the upper plate, it ignites the explosive. The shockwave created by the explosion scatters the molten metal jet away. the upper plate flies in the outward direction and thus helps in scattering the molten metal jet.
The ERAs are often mounted on the areas which are most likely to hit like the front part of the hull, the entire turret, side skirts covering the tracks etc. ERAs are extremely useful in urban warfare where the RPGs and other anti-tank missiles carried by the infantry soldiers pose a maximum threat to the tanks.

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19 July 2023 06:11

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17 July 2023 03:29

​​​​Why White Powder used inside Electrical Cables?

According to capacity, applications of the electrical cables different types of powder are used such as talcum powder, magnesium oxide(MgO) Powder, Swellable powder, Chalk Powder, etc.

◆Talcum Powder in Electrical Cables:
Talcum Powder is used in some low current-carrying cables such as computer power cable to make it flexible, to stop the internal wires from getting stuck to the outer rubber casing. When a cable is used over a long period of time, its outer rubber gets sticky and can be broken down. So to prevent this problem talcum powder is used in some electrical cables.

◆Magnesium Oxide Powder in Electrical Cables:
Magnesium oxide powder is used in high current carrying cables, Mineral Insulated(MI) cables. Magnesium oxide powder has two very useful properties that are high thermal conductivity, low electrical conductivity. Magnesium oxide powder gives a lot of features and advantages in an electrical cable which are given below,
When a high current flowing through a cable, heat produced which can damage the cable. Due to the high thermal conductivity property, Magnesium oxide powder can conduct the heat from inside of the cable to outside and prevent the damaging of the cable from the heat.
Due to low electrical conductivity property, magnesium oxide powder provides good electrical insulation.
Magnesium oxide powder provides good lubrication to electrical cables.
Magnesium oxide powder makes electrical cables fireproof.
Magnesium oxide powder makes electrical cables flexible.

◆Swellable Powder in Electrical Cables:
Swellable Powder is used in electrical cables to block the water and to eliminate the moisture issue. These powders can form a gel-like material when contacting with water and block the flow of water. These powder swell and expands to block the water permanently.

◆Chalk Powder in Electrical Cables:
Chalk Powder used in some cables to provide fire resistance. To prevent wires inside a cable from fire, chalk powder is used in some electrical cables.

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09 July 2023 04:57

​​How Long Can a Cockroach Live Without Its Head?

Even for major catastrophes like losing a head, cockroaches don’t bleed very much. Unlike humans, they have an open circulatory system: A system for distributing blood through their bodies that doesn’t depend on a closed network of arteries and veins. Their blood doesn’t pump under pressure like ours, but just sort of sloshes around, making its way into the cockroach’s tissues.

The great thing about this system, if you’re someday going to be headless is that when a major wound occurs, blood doesn’t suddenly get forced out. For a cockroach that loses its head, the blood just clots at the neck. The cockroach will have a nasty scab for sure (where its head used to be), but it won’t die from loss of blood.

Unlike humans, cockroaches don’t breath through a nose or their mouth. Instead they breathe through small holes in their bodies called spiracles that don’t need a brain to direct them. No nose, no mouth, and no need for a brain to regulate your breathing means that you can breathe all you want to without a head.

But it is going to die from being unable to eat. And well before that, it’s going to die from thirst. A headless cockroach has no mouth to drink with and will be dead from dehydration in less than a week. Which brings the total day count from the moment it loses its head to the moment it loses its life to somewhere around 7 days or less.

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30 June 2023 07:04

ELEPHANTS COOL DOWN BY USING NATURE'S AIR CONDITIONING

Behind the ears are extremely large blood vessels are close to the surface where the thinner skin helps to release excess heat. Moving the ears back and forth, helps the elephant to cool at a faster rate and then again when the days are cooler and the elephant needs to retain the heat, they will keep their ears can be kept close to their bodies to reduce the loss of heat.

𝗜𝗳 𝘆𝗼𝘂 𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝘁.
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29 June 2023 16:05

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23 June 2023 05:17

​​What is Electric Muscle Stimulation?

Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS), also known as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or electromyostimulation, is a protocol that elicits a muscle contraction using electrical impulses that directly stimulate your motor neurons.  This stimulation creates muscle contractions that can be quick and frequent, fast with long pauses, or contractions that are held for several (uncomfortable) seconds or minutes at a time.
Normally, it is your body that fires your muscles by sending electrical impulses from your brain through your central nervous system (CNS). But an EMS device allows you to engage in deep, intense, and complete muscular contractions without actually activating (or stressing) your CNS not to mention your joints and tendons.

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19 June 2023 03:49

​​Why Earth Pin of three Pin plus is Longer and Thicker than other?

The earth pin on a plug is longer than the live and neutral pins. This means the earth pin is the first to connect and the last to disconnect.

When inserting the plug, the earth connection is made before the current carrying contacts of the plug become live.
When withdrawing the plug, the current carrying contacts shall separate before the earth connection is broken.
Thus, the earthing connection is always maintained to improve safety.
Many wall sockets have safety shutters (see image) on the live and neutral lines to prevent children from inserting conducting materials which may result in electric shock. Insertion of a longer (earth) pin helps in opening the shutters, facilitating the insertion of other two pins. These are called Earth-pin operated shutters.
Though it is impossible to insert the plug into the socket upside down, one may try to insert the plug top in a misaligned position (for e.g. trying to insert the earth pin into the phase socket with the other two pins further down out of the socket). Hence, the earth pin is made thicker so that even by mistake it cannot be inserted into the live or neutral hole of the socket. This prevents earth pin from establishing an electrical contact with the live terminal.

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13 June 2023 06:25

​​Why Do Humans Sweat?

While most other mammals can sprint faster than we can (a perk of having four legs), humans have basically evolved to be endurance runners. The theory is that this made us more efficient hunter-gatherers. So what does this have to do with sweat? Well, if it weren't for how efficiently we produce and dissipate sweat, our ancestors wouldn't have been able to run long distances while hunting and we probably wouldn't be able to do things like run marathons.

Sweating gets a bad rap, and, sure, it is sort of gross. But sweating is vitally important for body temperature regulation and your overall health. A person's internal body temperature generally hangs around 98 degrees Fahrenheit. There's flexibility here, but if your body gets too hot, whether it's due to the temperature outside, being physically active or having a fever, bad things can happen, for instance, heat stroke. Fortunately, your body has very sophisticated mechanisms for sensing and regulating body temperature.

As soon as your body's internal temperature starts rising, your hypothalamus (a small region in your brain) tells eccrine sweat glands distributed all over your body that it's time to start cooling you down by producing sweat. Cooling down, however, isn't as easy as this sweat just dripping off of you. Some of this sweat has to evaporate off of your skin for this process to actually work. That's because cooling your body via sweating relies on a principle of physics called "heat of vaporization."

It takes energy to evaporate sweat off of your skin, and that energy is heat. As your excess body heat is used to convert beads of sweat into vapor, you start to cool down.

The other trade off here, though, is that you also lose water as you sweat and water is critically important for just about every organ in your body. This means that when you're sweating, you also need to make sure you're drinking plenty of water. so you can replace the water you lose with water you can use.

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07 June 2023 15:20

​​Why do Passports only come in Four Colors?

Red, green, blue and black are the shades that control the universe of passports and all of these have a good reason for it. There are some reasons to attribute to the choice of passport colors. The colors of the passports are limited, nations keep testing with the shades of these four main colors that may be attributed to "many possible scenarios."

Blue: Countries having blue colored passports are supposed to be the part of the so-called 'new-world' League of Nations. These nations are India, North America, South America and Australia among others.

Red: Red is supposed to be the color of the communist movement in all over the world. This color usually belongs to countries, which are known for having a communist history or still have its influence. Key examples of this type are China, Russia Serbia and Latvia.

Green: As per the Business Insider, religious faiths play a role in the color of the passport. This is the reason; Islamic nations like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan choose the different colors of green for their passport. Green is the color that Islam connects with Prophet Muhammad. Shades of green are also used in West African countries like Nigeria, Niger and Senegal, where it indicates their belonging to ECOWAS (the Economic Community of West African States)."

Black: Black is the most unique color used in a passport. One of the major nations to have black passports is New Zealand. The country chose this shade to be in sync with its national color. Other countries that also have black passport are mainly African countries, including Zambia and Angola.

It should be noticed that while the standard colors of passports are definitely four, but the shades and variations of these colors create hundred different shades. But it is not mandatory that all nations have the above mentioned reasons for having particular color on their passports. In fact, US has seemingly, tried all four colors for passports. The temporary passport of Canada is white in color. This is also an exception.

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30 May 2023 03:11

​​Why 2-stroke Engines are Used More commonly than 4-stroke on Ships?

Both 2 stroke and 4 stroke engines are widely available in the market but for a large ocean-going merchant vessel, a 2 stroke engine is more commonly used as the main engine and has a much better market.

Even with a wide variety of advantages that 4 stroke engine offers like the compact size of the plant, much more RPM or speed etc, a 2 stroke engine outshines with few but vital advantages.

Fuel Selection: The fuel prices have gone sky high and better grade fuel is adding higher costs to vessel operation. A two-stroke engine can burn low-grade fuel oil and hence reduce the running cost of the ship.

Efficiency: The thermal and engine efficiency of 2 stroke engine is much better than that of a 4 stroke engine.

Power: Most of the 2 stroke engines are now large stroke engines that produce more power. Hence they have high power to weight ratio as compared to 4 stroke engines.

More Cargo: Ship can carry more weight and hence more cargo with 2 stroke engines because of high power to weight ratio.

Reliability: Two stroke engines are more reliable in operation as compare to 4 stroke engines.

Less Maintenance: The maintenance requirement of the two-stroke engine is much lesser than 4 stroke engine.

Direction control: Direct starting and reversing are easier with two stroke engine.

No reduction attachments: As two stroke engines are low-speed engines, there is no requirement of reduction gear or speed reduction arrangement as required for high-speed four-stroke engines.

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18 May 2023 01:09

🎁Recoger Regalos🎁 - /channel/pinupbetperu/1992

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05 August 2023 03:34

​​What Is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance caused by the ovaries (the organ that produces and releases eggs) creating excess male hormones. If you have PCOS, your ovaries produce unusually high levels of hormones called androgens. This causes your reproductive hormones to become imbalanced.

As a result, people with PCOS often have erratic menstrual cycles, missed periods and unpredictable ovulation. Small cysts may develop on your ovaries (fluid-filled sacs) due to lack of ovulation (anovulation). However, despite the name "polycystic," you do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have PCOS.

PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. It can also increase your risk for other health conditions. Your healthcare provider can treat PCOS based on your symptoms and if you have plans for having children.

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01 August 2023 04:33

​​What Was The First Animal To Orbit The Earth?

In the 1940s and 1950s, the Soviet Union and US space programmes sent numerous species of animals into space, including monkeys, mice and dogs. However, these were suborbital flights, which meant the spacecraft passed into outer space before falling back to Earth without making an orbit.
 
The first animal to make an orbital spaceflight around the Earth was the dog Laika, aboard the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 on 3 November 1957. Laika and two other dogs (Albina and Mushka) were placed in increasingly smaller cages over several weeks. With her calm temperament and grace under pressure, Laika was chosen. Vladimir Yazdovsky, the leader of the Soviet space mission, described Laika as “quiet and charming.”

Laika’s spacecraft, Sputnik 2 was fitted with a variety of innovative devices to keep her alive. There was an oxygen generator which absorbed carbon dioxide, a heat-activated fan to regulate the temperature and the capsule was stocked with enough food to keep the dog alive for seven days. 

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27 July 2023 05:16

​​What Do We Actually Smell When It Rains?

When those first fat drops of summer rain fall to the hot, dry ground, have you ever noticed a distinctive odor? Of course rain itself has no scent. But moments before a rain event, an “earthy” smell known as petrichor does permeate the air. People call it musky, fresh, generally pleasant.

Petrichor is the term coined by Australian scientists in 1964 to describe the unique, earthy smell associated with rain. It is caused by the water from the rain, along with certain compounds like ozone, geosmin, and plant oils.

Petrichor is a combination of fragrant chemical compounds. Some are from oils made by plants. The main contributor to petrichor are actinobacteria. These tiny microorganisms can be found in rural and urban areas as well as in marine environments. They decompose dead or decaying organic matter into simple chemical compounds which can then become nutrients for developing plants and other organisms.

A byproduct of their activity is an organic compound called geosmin which contributes to the petrichor scent. Geosmin is a type of alcohol, like rubbing alcohol. Alcohol molecules tend to have a strong scent, but the complex chemical structure of geosmin makes it especially noticeable to people even at extremely low levels. Our noses can detect just a few parts of geosmin per trillion of air molecules.

When raindrops fall on the ground, especially porous surfaces such as loose soil or rough concrete, they will splatter and eject tiny particles called aerosols. The geosmin and other petrichor compounds that may be present on the ground or dissolved within the raindrop are released in aerosol form and carried by the wind to surrounding areas. If the rainfall is heavy enough, the petrichor scent can travel rapidly downwind and alert people that rain is soon on the way.

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24 July 2023 03:31

​​How do the baggage airport X-ray Screening Machines work?

While you are stepping through the metal detector, your carry-on items are going through the X-ray system.

A conveyor belt carries each item past an X-ray machine. X-rays are like light in that they are electromagnetic waves, but they are more energetic, so they can penetrate many materials.

The machine used in airports usually is based on a dual-energy X-ray system. This system has a single X-ray source sending out X-rays, typically in the range of 140 to 160 kilovolt peak (KVP). KVP refers to the amount of penetration an X-ray makes. The higher the KVP, the further the X-ray penetrates.

In a dual-energy X-ray system, the X-rays pass through a detector, a filter and then another detector.

After the X-rays pass through the item, they are picked up by a detector. This detector then passes the X-rays on to a filter, which blocks out the lower-energy X-rays.

The remaining high-energy X-rays hit a second detector. A computer circuit compares the pick-ups of the two detectors to better represent low-energy objects, such as most organic materials.

Since different materials absorb X-rays at different levels, the image on the monitor lets the machine operator see distinct items inside your bag. Items are typically colored on the display monitor, based on the range of energy that passes through the object, to represent one of three main categories:
• Organic
• Inorganic
• Metal

While the colors used to signify "inorganic" and "metal" may vary between manufacturers, all X-ray systems use shades of orange to represent "organic."

This is because most explosives are organic. Machine operators are trained to look for suspicious items -- and not just obviously suspicious items like guns or knives, but also anything that could be a component of an improvised explosive device (IED).

Since there is no such thing as a commercially available bomb, IEDs are the way most terrorists and hijackers gain control. An IED can be made in an astounding variety of ways, from basic pipe bombs to sophisticated, electronically-controlled component bombs.

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19 July 2023 05:49

​​What Was The First Animal In Space? 

While many flights into space may have accidentally carried bacteria and other forms of life on board, the first living creatures intentionally sent into space were fruit flies. These were transported aboard a V2 rocket on 20 February 1947. 
 
The fruit flies were launched from White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico as part of a research mission. The unnamed rocket travelled 67 miles into the air before parachuting back to Earth. NASA currently recognises the altitude of 66 miles (100km) as the point where space officially begins. Therefore, the fruit flies are considered the first animals ever to reach the final frontier.
 
The V2 rockets were the world's first long-range guided missiles and were used by Germany during World War II. The missiles could fly at a top speed of 3,500 miles per hour and strike targets over 200 miles away. Following the war, the US seized many of these rockets and used them for research purposes, laying the groundwork for future space launches. Wernher von Braun, who designed the V2 was even involved in the designing of the Saturn V rocket for NASA. 
 
The flies were the perfect passengers for the flight as their compact size, and relatively light weight made their storage easy and conserved on fuel consumption. 
 
At the time, little was known as to the effects of cosmic radiation on organic matter. As fruit flies have a similar genetic make-up to humans, they were seen as an eligible subject for testing and research. On the safe recovery of the flies' capsule, the scientists found that the flies' genetics had not been mutated by the radiation, which paved the way for future human spaceflight. 

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12 July 2023 15:47

​​​​How Does Inflight Wifi Work?

In the past, there was no connectivity to mobile towers few hundred feet above the ground (after takeoff). Travelers have to wait until the aircraft lands at the airport to use their Smartphone.

This is an old story, technology has been changed a lot since then.
Similar to our mobile network, Inflight Wi-Fi connectivity requires a base station to send and receive signals. It works in two modes; Ground based connectivity and Satellite based connectivity.
Air to Ground (ATG) Ground based connectivity:
Ground based connectivity also known as Air to Ground connectivity works exactly like our conventional mobile network. It has a base station on the ground with antenna arrays facing upwards to maintain signal connectivity to moving airplanes.
Network of base stations are required to cover a large geographical area. Transceiver antenna module will be installed on the belly of an airplane.
Latency is lower since the airplane is only 35000 feet above ground (average approximation)

Less complex compared to satellite based system.

Operators can make use of existing network for this task.

Cost effective solution and infrastructure.
Easy to maintain the system.

Satellite based connectivity:
Satellite based connectivity uses a network of satellites dedicated to provide data connectivity to moving airplanes. Transceiver antenna module will be installed on top of airplane.
Each satellite can server more number of aircrafts at same time.

Fast network using higher bandwidth signals compared to ground based system.

More immune to atmospheric changes.

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07 July 2023 04:18

​​​​Why do Trucks carrying Explosives have a Metal chain Touching the Ground?

The trucks carrying explosives have a metal chain touching the ground ,True. This is all because of the charges produced by the friction which is generated by the tires moving. When the tires move they create certain amount of charges which are enough to blow up the explosive tank. The main motive is to do earthing so that the charges flow down in the earth and prevent the truck from getting blown up or you can also say preventing the explosives to blast. 

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30 June 2023 07:02

​​What is the difference between Venom and Poison?

Venom and Poison are both toxic substances. Still, some animals are called venomous and others are poisonous. The only difference between being called poisonous or venomous is in the way these animals deliver the harmful substance.

Venom: When animals like snakes use their sharp fangs to bite into the flesh and let the toxic substance move into the body of their prey,  through the punctured skin, they are called venomous animals. To deliver venom an animal has to use tools like fangs or stingers.

Poison: Poison is something that can get inhaled, ingested or seeped into the skin directly. For example, if you accidentally touch a brightly colored poison dart frog, you will transfer the toxins it secretes from its skin, to your own skin. And then the poison will seep into your blood stream.

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27 June 2023 04:18

​​How does Smoke Detector Alarm work?

The two most commonly recognized smoke detection technologies are ionization smoke detection and photoelectric smoke detection.
Ionization smoke alarms are generally more responsive to flaming fires.
How they work: Ionization-type smoke alarms have a small amount of radioactive material between two electrically charged plates, which ionizes the air and causes current to flow between the plates. When smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts the flow of ions, thus reducing the flow of current and activating the alarm. 
Photoelectric smoke alarms are generally more responsive to fires that begin with a long period of smoldering (called “smoldering fires”).

How they work: 

Photoelectric-type alarms aim a light source into a sensing chamber at an angle away from the sensor. Smoke enters the chamber, reflecting light onto the light sensor; triggering the alarm.
For best protection, it is recommended both (ionization and photoelectric) technologies be used in homes. In addition to individual ionization and photoelectric alarms, combination alarms that include both technologies in a single device are available.

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19 June 2023 14:41

New Words Daily with its Meaning.

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17 June 2023 17:12

​​Why Do We Lose Weight While We Sleep?

It's amazing how much water weighs! A gallon of water weighs 8 pounds, and a pint of water (16 ounces) weighs 1 pound (in metric, 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram). This means that if you drink a 1-liter bottle of soda, you instantly gain 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) from the water. That's a big weight change, and it can happen very quickly.

The main thing affecting overnight weight change is the amount of water in your system. Water weighs an amazing amount. In other words, if you drink a 1-liter bottle of soda, instantly you will gain 2.2 pounds, just from the water.

Overnight, two processes cause you to lose water gradually: breathing and sweating. In respiration, each time you exhale, you lose a small amount of water. If you exhale onto a cool piece of glass you will see this moisture. Through sweating, also called transpiration, you lose water through the skin. Over the course of one night, both of these processes eliminate more water than you might think.

Also contributing to the weight loss is the tradition of using the toilet prior to the morning weigh-in. That process alone can eliminate up to a pound of water. The average person eliminates about 1.2 liters of water just in urine every day. Another liter a day is eliminated through perspiration and respiration. That's 2.2 kilograms (or almost 5 pounds) throughout the day.

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11 June 2023 03:42

​​Why do Oil rigs have a Flame?

The flame at the top of an oil rig is an iconic image for the Oil & Gas Industry, yet few people understand why companies choose to burn natural gas. By burning excess natural gas, flaring protects against the dangers of over-pressuring industrial equipment.

A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, flare boom, ground flare, or flare pit is a gas combustion device used in industrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants and natural gas processing plants.

Flaring is undertaken as a way to remove dangerous gasses with lower harm to the environment. It is used in safely regulating pressure in chemical plants, as well as handling natural gas release in wells. Alternatives, such as piping the gas to a plant or on-site capture and use, are of great interest.

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01 June 2023 02:29

​​What is Web 3.0, Web 2.0 and Web 1.0 ?

Web 3.0 is a term that is used to describe many evolutions of web usage and interaction among several paths. In this, data isn’t owned but instead shared, where services show different views for the same web / the same data. 

The Semantic Web (3.0) promises to establish “the world’s information” in a more reasonable way than Google can ever attain with their existing engine schema. This is particularly true from the perspective of machine conception as opposed to human understanding. The Semantic Web necessitates the use of a declarative ontological language like OWL to produce domain-specific ontologies that machines can use to reason about information and make new conclusions, not simply match keywords. 

Web 2.0 refers to worldwide websites which highlight user-generated content, usability, and interoperability for end users. Web 2.0 is also called the participative social web. It does not refer to a modification to any technical specification, but to modify the way Web pages are designed and used. The transition is beneficial but it does not seem that when the changes occur. Interaction and collaboration with each other are allowed by Web 2.0 in a social media dialogue as the creator of user-generated content in a virtual community. Web 1.0 is an enhanced version of Web 2.0. 

Web 1.0 refers to the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution. Earlier, there were only a few content creators in Web 1.0 with a huge majority of users who are consumers of content. Personal web pages were common, consisting mainly of static pages hosted on ISP-run web servers, or on free web hosting services. 

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18 May 2023 11:15

​​Hotness of Chilli Pepper is measured in which unit?

The Scoville scale is a measurement of the pungency (spiciness or "heat") of chili peppers and other spicy foods, as recorded in Scoville Heat Units (SHU) based on the concentration of capsaicinoids, among which capsaicin is the predominant component. The scale is named after its creator, American pharmacist Wilbur Scoville, whose 1912 method is known as the Scoville organoleptic test. The Scoville organoleptic test is the most practical method for estimating SHU and is a subjective assessment derived from the capsaicinoid sensitivity by people experienced with eating hot chilis.
An alternative method, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be used to analytically quantify the capsaicinoid content as an indicator of pungency. As of 2011, the subjective organoleptic test has been largely superseded by analytical methods such as chromatography.

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17 May 2023 19:06

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