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Learn the basics of Japanese Useful resources: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1tec4F6VND0IkOA_rIUudUCt66LfMR4ZkX6JiMhZEs4k/edit?usp=sharing Send us your feedback using @LearnJapaneseBot
I don't mean to abandon the channel, but a close family member died recently, and I haven't had the time or energy to post here, or to practice or study Japanese, I will be back, just not right now
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アダマンタイト級冒険者でしかお引き受けできない案件でしょう
is read
アダマンタイトきゅうぼうけんしゃでしかおひきうけできないあんけんでしょう
I think with longer sentences like this, it gets easier to understand why having kanji is useful, with only hiragana, it's difficult to know where a word ends, and a new one begins, there's also a certain elegance to having a lot of meaning packed into a few characters
猿も木から落ちる [さるもきからおちる] "even monkeys fall from trees", really if you take it literally it's more like "monkeys too fall from trees"
猿[さる] = monkey
も means "too", or "as well" or something else depending on context
木 = tree, or wood
から is like "from", could be "because" if you're saying the reason for something
落ちる[おちる] = fall, to fall
that's a phrase that means something along the lines of "everyone makes mistakes"
oh, and 落ちる is a group 2 verb
fun thing, when using a verb's て形 for "sequencing", you should take care to understand what you're saying
if you wanted to say "come over for drinks!" (let's say you were at a bar, and calling a friend over)
if you said 「飲んで来てね」what you would be saying is "drink (or "get drunk"), and then come over"
you would have to say 「飲みに来てね」
so instead of 飲んで [のんで], you use 飲みに[のみに]
the first is "drink" (the verb to drink, in imperative mood), the second is "do X in order to do drink" (yeah, に used in this way conveys "do X in order to drink"), where X is the verb that comes before, in this example, it's "to come" = 来て[きて]
I'm having trouble sleeping... so I'll write something new
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to ask someone about their age you say
何歳ですか [なんさいですか] 'how old [are you]?"
in a more informal setting, it would be more like
何歳？ [なんさい?] 'how old [are you]?"
it's rather uncommon to ask this, unless people are relatively close in age (they don't distinctively look older than the other), but in a bar or social event where people are consuming alcohol, it's likely to happen, because people are supposed to show respect to their elders, even in informal situations, this might be more of a Societal thing in Asian countries, not just in Japan
in a formal setting, or when talking to someone with more renown, you might ask 年はいくつですか [としはいくつですか] 'how old are you?" which is more formal
#JapaneseCulture
じゃんけん [janken] or 'rock-paper-scissors" can be very serious in Japan, it's even been used to decide which company would get to hold the auction of a collection of impressist paintings worth millions of dollars
#JapaneseCulture
honorifics are small words you put after someone's names, they can sometimes be actual words, or sometimes be 'non-words"
for example, in 本田さん [ほんださん] "Mr. Honda"
さん is not exactly a word, but when translating, you refer to "Mr. Honda", not just "Honda"
but in 高木先輩 [たかぎせんぱい] "Senior X Takagi"
先輩 [せんぱい] actually means "Senior X", usually for organizations or schools, so a 3rd year student in school is the senior to a 1st year student, and an employee of a company is the senior of a recently hired employee, though in some contexts, so it is a word, but can be used like さん would be used, as an honorific
the most common ones are
さん used for formal speech
ちゃん used for kids, girls (like a girlriend), or childhood friends sometimes
くん used mostly for males of similar age, but can be used for female juniors
様 [さま] is very respecful, you mostly won't use this, but might see it used for gods, royalty or formalities in events
先生 [せんせい] used for professors, or professionals of some renown, common with physicians, and mangaka of high renown
there are others, but less common
of course, you could also do it in the question
Q: 森で寝たことない？[もりでねたことない？] "you've never slept in the forest?"
A: ない "no"
this sort of thing is common, and a useful way to ask someone if they have done something, another example with the verb 寝る[ねる], which is a group 2 verb, is 森で寝たことある？[もりでねたことある？], "have you ever slept in the forest?"
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the た form, I mentioned earlier changes in the same way as the て form, so if you learn one, you pretty much learn both, the て form is the imperative mood, so if you say クッキー食べて[クッキーたべて] you're saying "eat the cookie(s)", which might be an order, or just a suggestion, the た form, is the past form, so クッキー食べた[クッキーたべた] is "ate the cookie(s)" (which could be "I ate the cookies", but it depends on the context), note that I omitted を before the verb, but in writing, you'd most likely see it
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sometimes, even if two different words are written with the same hiragana, they have a different pitch accent, so chopsticks, and bridge are both はし, but the pitch accent is different (and the kanji), you can test this out in Google Translate, do take into consideration that the difference is subtle, so you may not notice it the first time
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alright, the 3 Japanese verb groups are
group 1 (verbs ending in u)
like
話す [はなす]
and
書く [かく]
group 2 (verbs ending in iru or eru)
like
着る[きる]
and
見る[みる]
there are exceptions, like 入る[はいる], 知る [しる], etc. which actually belong in group 1
and group 3 (irregular verbs)
these are
する
and
来る[くる]
I'll link to a more complete list (and when I use a verb, I'll mention what group it is in)
alright, the new semester has started, so I've been a little irregular with new stuff, I'll have a 3-day weekend starting tomorrow, so I'll be going over some common words, which I think will be useful
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しか can mean "nothing but"
for example, in episode 3 of Overlord Season 3, minute 13:45, the clerk says
アダマンタイト級冒険者でしかお引き受けできない案件でしょう
アダマンタイト級冒険者 = "adamantite-plated adventurer(s)
で = indicates a means here
しか = only with [the previously mentioned]
お引き受け = "undertaking" in this case, it's the request done to the adventurer(s)
できない = negative form of "can" or "able to" (so "cannot" or "not able to")
案件 = "matter" or "case"
でしょう = kind of like ですね, that is, like saying "right?" at the end of a sentence, but this is more formal, and could be taken as "I believe"
so the sentence is more or less
"I believe for this matter nothing but adamantite-plated adventurers are able"
if taken literally, a more natural translation would be
"I believe only adamantite-plated adventurers are able to undertake this matter", or "I believe only adamantite-plated adventurers can take this request" (taking into consideration the context of an adventurer's guild receiving requests)
group 2 verbs are the easiest of all, you basically change る from the dictionary form into whatever, so for the て form, you change る for て, for the ます form, you just change the る for ます
for example:
dictionary form (also, present indicative, informal): 食べる
ます form (present indicative, polite): 食べます
て form: 食べて
negative form: 食べない
another example, this time with the た form of a verb
て形 = て form
作る[つくる] means "to prepare" or "to make"
お母さんが作った料理は一番美味しい[おかあさんがつくったりょうりはいちばんおいしい]
I omitted putting です at the end, because it's not necessary, but you might see it in a textbook example
お母さん = mom
が = subject marker
作った = 作る[つくる]のて形
料理 = cuisine/cooking
は = topic marker
一番 = the most/No. 1
美味しい = delicious
the translation would be "the cooking made by my mom is the most delicious"
in English, you would omit "made by" to sound more natural
so the sentence in English would go "My mom's cooking is the most delicious"
or to be even more natural-sounding, it'd be "My mom's cooking is the best"
continuing with the "verbed" nouns
you can also do other forms
for example to say "there are many ways to learn Japanese"
you say
日本語を学ぶ方法はたくさんある[にほんごをまなぶほうほうはたくさんある]
here
日本語 = Japanese language
を = marks the object
学ぶ = study (verb)
方法 = way/method
は = marks the topic
たくさん = many/lots of
ある = "there are"
also ある is the informal form of あります
we omit の before 方法, before it's not "the way", not just because we are saying there are many ways semantically, but we are not referring to a specific way
#JapaneseGrammar
you can say ながら to say you do something, while doing something else
for example
'talk while drinking coffee"
コーヒーを飲みながら話します [コーヒーをのみながらはなしします]
here the 'main" action is talking, not drinking, this is important, because of the order it's said in Japanese, you say the main thing after ながら
other combinations are possible using this, for example
'let's talk while drinking coffee" would be
コーヒーを飲みながら話そう [コーヒーをのみながらはなそう]
'wouldn't you like to talk while drinking coffee?" would be
コーヒーを飲みながら話しませんか [コーヒーをのみながらはなしませんか]
'I want to eat chocolate while listening to music"
音楽を聴きながらチョコレートを食べたい [おんがくをききながらチョコレートをたべたい]
you can put ね at the end of a sentence to say something like 'isn't it" or "right?"
for example, you can change
この焼き鳥は美味しいです [このやきとりはおいしいです] 'This Chicken is good/tasty!"
to
この焼き鳥は美味しいですね [このやきとりはおいしいですね] 'This chicken is good/tasty, right?"
you would drop the は and the です in an informal setting, so you'd say
この焼き鳥美味しいね [このやきとりおいしい] 'this chicken's good/tasty, right?
焼き鳥 yakitori is skewered chicken
you can put か at the end of a sentence to make it a question
it doesn't work for all sentences, but for a lot of basic ones it will work
if you think of 'indicative mood" sentences, it will work for most of them
for example
to turn "The weather is good today" into the question "is the weather good today?"
you can just add か at the end
今日はいい天気です [きょうはいいてんきです]
今日はいい天気ですか [きょうはいいてんきですか]
you could also combine this to say something like "I had never done this until now"
for example
今までちゃんこ鍋食べたことなかった[いままでちゃんこなべたべたことなかった] "I had never eaten Chanko Nabe until now"
to say the opposite (that is, that you have NOT done something, you use the negative form of ある, which is ない), for example
Q: 森で寝たことある？[もりでねたことある？] "have you ever slept in the forest?"
A: いいえ、森で寝たことない[いええ、もりでねたことない] "no, I have never slept in the forest"
the た form can be used to say something along the lines of "have you ever done X?", for example, to say "have you ever eaten goat cheese?", you'd say ゴートチーズ食べたことある？[ゴートチーズたべたことある？], note that this is a question, but I use ? to convey that you would use sound it out as a question, rather than using か, because I would have to say/write ですか instead of just か to sound "normal", if I just use か it might seem like I'm being rude, you might hear anime characters speak like that, but normal Japanese people don't speak like that, or if they do, they only do it with really close people, here こと is like a "marker" that means that the previous sentence is the subject, so instead of "ate cheese have?" it's "regarding having eaten cheese, have you?" (this is kind of a literal translation, just to illustrate the grammar), ある means 'have', it's used only for concepts or things, not for living beings (actually, it can be used with plants, but we'll get to that later)
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for some verbs, the ending would be... weird, if you did the "normal" thing of changing the last sound with て (like how 食べる changes to 食べて), for example, 飲む[のむ] would change to のて, but that's not the て form of 飲む, which is a group 1 verb, so you change it to 飲んで[のんで]
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these groups are important to identify the て form of the verbs
for 話す[はなす] the て form is 話して[はなして]
for 書く[かく] the て form is 書いて[かいて]
for 着る[きる] the て form is 着て[きて]
for 見る[みる] the て form is 見て
for する the て form is して
for 来る [くる] the て form is 来て[きて]
you might have noticed, 来て and 着て are the same in hiragana, so the groups aren't always useful for spoken japanese, but they are for written Japanese, when reading kanji, furigana are used sometimes, but when they aren't, knowing the groups can help you read the verbs at the very least
you can use the て form of a verb to form sequences of actions, for example, あれをやめてあそこへ行きましょう [あれをやめてあそこへいきましょう] "stop that, [and] let's go over there"
you could also "chain" for longer sequences, for example, あれをやめて、これを食べて、あそこへ行きましょう [あれをやめて、これをたべて、あそこへいきましょう] "stop that, eat this, and let's go over there" or "stop that, and eat this, then let's go over there"