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مدرس زبان انگلیسی کارشناس ارشد دانشگاه بینالملل امام خمینی با ده سال سابقه تدریس مدرس کانون زبان ایران آیدی برای هماهنگی کلاس انلاین و حضوری: @English_Alikhani
Dissolute ( adj)
📚(of a person) living in a way that other people strongly disapprove of; immoral
1. He led a dissolute life, drinking and womanising till his death.
▪️او زندگی بیبند و باری داشت و تا مرگش مشغول میگساری و زن بارگی بود. 🍷💃
2. Unfortunately, his heir was feckless and dissolute.
▪️متأسفانه، وارث او بیعرضه و بیبند و بار بود.
3. The novel portrays the dissolute aristocracy of the 18th century.
▪️رمان، اشرافزادگان بی بند و بار قرن هجدهم را به تصویر میکشد
4.Years of dissolute habits had
taken a toll on his health and fortune.
▪️سالها زندگی بیقید و بند، سلامتی و داراییاش را نابود کرد.
5.The biography chronicles his descent into a life of dissolute pleasure
▪️بیوگرافی وی، روایتگر غرق شدنش در لذتهای ناپاک است.
Cut-throat
(US also cutthroat)
📚not involving considering or worrying about any harm caused to others; fierce
رقابتی ( بیزنس و تجارت ) که در ان افراد برای رسیدن به اهداف و موفقیت از هر راهی بهره میبرن حتی اگه به قیمت اسیب رساندن به دیگران باشد . ( به عبارتی حاضرن گلوی افراد را ببرند 🗡🩸)
Come-down to
Come -down on
Come down with
Comedown ( noun )
📚a situation in which a person falls to a lower level of importance, popularity, etc. : a fall in status or position
1. For a man who was once a very popular actor, working in a nightclub is quite a comedown.( noun)
2. They used to live in a big house with lots of servants, but they've come down in the world since then. ( verb )
Come down to (something)
📚 to have (something) as the most important part
1. People talk about various reasons for the company's failure, but it all comes down to one thing: a lack of leadership.
Come down with (an illness)
📚 to begin to have or suffer from (an illness)
1. She came down with [=contracted] measles.
2. I think I may be coming down with [=getting, catching] a cold.
Come down on sb
📚 to criticize or punish sb
1. The governor has promised to come down hard on corrupt officials.
2. Do that once more and I'll come down on you like a ton of bricks!
Peril ( formal )
📚great danger, or sth that is very dangerous
• I never felt that my life was in peril.
• The journey through the mountains was fraught with peril (= full of dangers).
• Teenagers must be warned about the perils of unsafe sex.
• She described global warming as “a growing peril.”
• No lifeguard is on duty: swim at your own peril. [=at your own risk]
• She came perilously close to drowning. [=she almost drowned] ( adv )
• The company was perilously close to bankruptcy. ( adv )
• The country roads are quite perilous. ( adj)
• A perilous journey through the mountains
Loom
📚if a problem or difficulty looms, it is likely to happen very soon:
1. An economic crisis is looming on the horizon.
▪️بحران اقتصادی در شُرف وقوق است . ( تا وقوع ان زمان زیادی باقی نمانده )
2. The government is denying that a crisis is looming.
▪️دولت هرگونه پیشامد احتمالی بحران را منکر شده است.
3. Exams are looming.
▪️امتحانات در پیش هستند.
4. Here, too, the threat of unemployment has been looming on the horizon.
▪️اینجا نیز خطر بیکاری غریب الوقوع است.
5. The threat of closure looms over the workforce.
▪️خطر تعطیلی بر سر کارگران سایه افکنده است.
6. The deadline looms closer with each passing day.
▪️مهلت با هر روزی که میگذرد، نزدیکتر میشود.
📚to appear as a large shape that is not clear, usually in a threatening way
1. Suddenly the mountains loomed up out of the mist.
2. A ship loomed (up) out of the fog.
3. Storm clouds loomed on the horizon.
🆔@English_Alikhani
Penchant
UK [ˈpɒ n.ʃɒ n ]
US [ˈpen.tʃ ənt]
📚a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing sth, esp something that other people might not like
1. He has a penchant for giving lavish private parties.🥳🎉🪩
2. Her penchant for mathematics helped her to become an engineer.➕➗➖🟰
3. If you have a penchant for pizza, you either eat it daily or wish you did.🍕
Inclination
📚 a preference or tendency , or a feeling that makes a person want to do sth
1. We should be basing our decisions on solid facts, not inclinations and hunches.
2. Neither of my children showed the slightest inclination to follow me into journalism.🗞📰
3. She’s troubled by her son’s inclination toward atheism.
4. He is a teacher by occupation but a philosopher by inclination.
5. My first/initial/natural inclination was to say no, but I finally decided to do what she asked.
6. I have neither the time nor the inclination to learn about such matters.
7. In matters of dress she followed her personal inclinations rather than fashion.
For What It is Worth ❓❔
📚You can say this if you don't want to appear too arrogant when giving your opinion or sharing some information, or if you're not sure if what you're saying is useful or helpful.
✍زمانی استفاده میشود که گوینده از صحت و یا مهم و مفید بودن اطلاعاتی که به شنونده میدهد اطمینان ندارد.
1. Sam is a tennis players that spectators love to watch because he always wears his heart on his sleeve.
▪️سم یکی از تنیسبازانی است که تماشاگران دوست دارند او را تماشا کنند، چون همیشه احساساتش را بهوضوح نشان میدهد
2. You'll never be a good card player if you wear your heart on your sleeve. Other players can tell if your cards are good or not by watching your reactions when you get them.
▪️اگر احساساتت را بهراحتی نشان دهی، هرگز بازیکن خوبی در بازی ورق نخواهی شد
3. I could tell she was disappointed with the exam results – she wears her heart on her sleeve.
▪️میتوانستم بفهمم که او از نتایج امتحان ناامید شده است - او همیشه احساساتش را بهوضوح نشان میدهد
4. Tom is not one to wear his heart on his sleeve. He keeps his emotions guarded and rarely shows vulnerability, making it difficult for others to connect with him on a deeper level.
▪️تام کسی نیست که احساساتش را بهراحتی نشان دهد؛ او احساساتش را محافظت میکند و این باعث میشود دیگران نتوانند با او ارتباط عمیقتری برقرار کنند
Ant :
Bottle sth up
Wax and wane
📚 to grow stronger and then weaker again:
1. My fortune has waxed and waned over the years, but I live simply anyway, and it has never affected me much.
▪️ثروت من کم و زیاد شده ولی با این وجود همیشه ساده زیست بوده ام و خیلی روی من تاثیر نگذاشته است
2. Voter turnout waxes and wanes depending on which positions are up for election.
▪️حضور رای دهندگان بسته به این که انتخابات برای چه پستی برگزار میشود بالا و پایین میشود
3. Portugal and Spain had possessed vast empires that waxed and waned.
▪️پرتغال و اسپانیا صاحب امپاطوری های بزرگ بودن که دچار فراز و فرود شد ( به وسعت ان اضافه شده و کم شد )
4. Interest in the show has waxed and waned.
▪️علاقه و میل مردم به این برنامه با نوسان همراه بوده.
Read between the lines
📚to guess something that is not expressed directly
1. He gave a very diplomatic explanation, but if you read between the lines, it seems like he was fired for political reasons.
▪️او توضیحی بسیار دیپلماتیک ارائه داد، اما اگر دقیقتر نگاه کنید، به نظر میرسد که به دلایل سیاسی اخراج شده است.
2. A good writer doesn't tell the reader everything directly but leaves it up to the reader to figure things out for themselves by reading between the lines.
▪️یک نویسنده خوب همه چیز را به طور مستقیم نمیگوید، بلکه به خواننده این فرصت را میدهد که با خواندن بین خطوط، خود به نتیجهگیری برسد.
3. Her letter seemed pretty cheerful, but if you read between the lines, you can tell that she's not really happy.
▪️نامهاش ظاهراً شاد و خوشحال بود، اما اگر کمی عمیقتر بپردازید، متوجه میشوید که خوشحالی واقعی ندارد
Antonym :
take something at face value
The Jury is Still Out
📚If you say the jury is still out on something, you mean that something has not yet been decided or has not yet become clear.
1. The jury is still out on whether the new company will succeed.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست که آیا شرکت جدید موفق خواهد شد یا نه.
2. The jury is out as to whether there is life anywhere else in the universe.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست که آیا در جای دیگری از کیهان حیات وجود دارد یا خیر.
3. The jury's still out on who's going to be the new CEO, but we should find out soon.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست مدیرعامل جدید چه کسی خواهد بود، اما به زودی میفهمیم.
4. The jury's still out on whether the new drug works because the test results are still being analysed.
▪️هنوز مشخص نیست که آیا داروی جدید مؤثر است یا خیر، زیرا نتایج آزمایشها هنوز در حال تحلیل هستند.
Scavenge ( verb )
Scavenger ( noun )
📚if someone scavenges, they search through things that other people do not want, for food or useful objects:
1. There are people who live in the dump and scavenge garbage for a living.
2. We managed to scavenge a lot of furniture from the local rubbish dump.
3. They scavenged for antiques at the flea market.
4. He scavenged the town dump for automobile parts
5. Yesterday he ran the company, today he's a homeless scavenger ( noun).
6. Some fish scavenge on dead fish in the wild. ( eat dead animals that have been killed by another animal, by a car, etc.)
Converse vs Inverse vs Reverse
The converse
📚the opposite
1. In the US, you drive on the right hand side of the road, but in Britain the converse applies. ( noun )
2. However, the converse of this theory may also be true.
3. American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs. ( adv)
Inverse
📚opposite in relation to sth else
1. Their generosity was in inverse proportion/relation to their income (= the more money they had the less generous they were). ( adj )
2. Clearly, the amount of money people save increases in inverse proportion to the amount they spend. ( adj)
3. Sometimes it seems that press coverage of an event is inversely proportional to its true importance. ( adv )
4. Alkalinity is the inverse of acidity. (noun )
The reverse
📚the opposite of what has been suggested
1. The teachers say my son is slow, but I believe the reverse (is true).
2. I owe you nothing. If anything, the reverse is true.
Gung Ho - Chinese in English
📚extremely enthusiastic about doing something, especially going to war
1. The film stars Mark Burgess-Ashton as the gung-ho young fighter pilot.
▪️داستان فیلم حول محور یک خلبان جوان و پرشور به نام مارک برگیس-اشتون میچرخد.
2. Mrs Parsons had organized the village fête with her customary gung-ho zeal.
▪️خانم پارسونز با شور و شوق همیشگیاش جشن روستا را سازماندهی کرده بود.
3. He has warned some of his more gung ho generals about the consequences of an invasion.
▪️او به برخی از ژنرالهای بیش از حد مشتاق خود درباره عواقب یک حمله هشدار داده است.
Click
📚to be understood, or become clear suddenly
1. Suddenly everything clicked and I realized where I'd met him.
2. As he talked about his schooldays, it suddenly clicked where I had met him before.
3. So it's finally clicked that you're going to have to get yourself a job, has it?
4. In the last act of the play, everything clicks into place.
5. Pieces of the puzzle suddenly clicked together.
📚 to become friendly or popular SYN Hit it off
1. Liz and I really clicked the first time we met.
2. I know him fairly well, but we've never really clicked.
Ferocious
📚frightening and violent
1. She's got a ferocious (= very bad) temper.
▪️او خلق و خوی بسیار تند و خشنی دارد.
2. The president came in for some ferocious criticism.
▪️رئیسجمهور با انتقادات شدیدی مواجه شد.
3. The storm grew more and more ferocious with each second.
▪️طوفان هر لحظه خشنتر میشد
4. The congressman is one of the president’s most ferocious critics.
▪️این نماینده کنگره یکی از منتقدان بسیار جدی رئیسجمهور است
4. Parker was driven by a ferocious determination (=fierce) to succeed.
▪️پارکر به شدت مصمم بود که موفق شود.
5. The ferocity of the attack shocked a lot of people.(noun)
▪️شدت حمله بسیاری از مردم را شوکه کرد.
6. A female lion defends her young ferociously.( adv)
▪️یک شیر ماده به شدت از توله هایش دفاع میکند.
Backdrop
📚the view behind sth
1. The sea made a splendid backdrop to the garden.
▪️دریا، پسزمینهای باشکوه برای باغ ایجاد کرده بود.
2. The mountains provided a perfect backdrop for the wedding photos.
▪️کوهها، پسزمینهای ایدهآل برای عکسهای عروسی فراهم کردند.
3. The photographer poses his subjects against painted backdrops.
▪️عکاس سوژههایش را در برابر پسزمینههای نقاشی شده قرار میدهد.
📚the general situation in which particular events happen
1. Their love affair began against a backdrop of war.
▪️عشق آنها در سایه جنگ آغاز شد.
2. Worsening economic conditions have created an unfavorable backdrop for global markets
▪️شرایط اقتصادی رو به وخامت ، فضایی نامناسب برای بازارهای جهانی ایجاد کرده است.
3. The conference begins this week against a backdrop of unmitigated gloom.
▪️کنفرانس این هفته در فضایی از ناامیدی مطلق آغاز میشود.
4. Negotiations were carried out against a backdrop of continued fighting.
▪️مذاکرات در سایه نبردهای پیوسته انجام شد.
Spoonerism
📚a mistake made when speaking in which the first sounds of two words are exchanged with each other to produce a not intended and usually funny meaning
این حالت زمانی رخ میدهد که یک متکلم به طور تصادفی حروف اول دو کلمه در یک عبارت را جابجا میکند و باعث میشود کلمه اشتباه تلفظ شود. نتیجه این اتفاق معمولا خیلی خندهدار است.
Ensue ( formal )
📚to happen after sth else, especially as a result of it
1. The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle had ensued.
2. Problems that ensue from food and medical shortages.
3. When the news broke, a long period of chaos ensued. [=followed]
4. Evelyn showed up unexpectedly and a fierce argument ensued.
5. In the ensuing weeks, [=in the weeks afterward] her health gradually improved. ( adj)
6. An argument broke out and in the ensuing fight, a gun went off.(adj)
7. He lost his job and in the ensuing months became more and more depressed.( adj)
Get The Short End Of The Stick vs Get The Wrong End Of The Stick
Get The Short ( Rough or Bad ) End Of The Stick
📚to be in a worse position or situation, or to be treated worse, than anyone else:
1. The poor always get the short end of the stick.
2. There are guys that are doping in every sport, but for some reason, we're getting the rough end of the stick.
3. Helen got the short end of the stick when she was assigned another week of night dutyGet The Wrong End Of The Stick
📚an incorrect understanding of sth
1. You've got (hold of) the wrong end of the stick. He didn't push me; I fell.
2. Whoa, don't get hold of the wrong end of the stick now—I'm not romantically interested in you! We're just friends. 💔😁😢
3. Every week, I explain the rules of football to him, and he still always gets hold of the wrong end of the stick.
4. Her friend saw us arrive at the party together and got the wrong end of the stick.
For all you are worth
📚If you do something for all you are worth, you put a lot of effort into it
• We pushed the car for all we were worth, but we still couldn't get it started.
▪️تا جایی که توانستیم ماشین را هل دادیم، اما هنوز نتوانستیم آن را روشن کنیم.
• When I saw the police approaching, I ran for all I was worth.
▪️وقتی پلیس را دیدم، با تمام سرعت دویدم.
• We could clean the house for all we're worth, and Mom would still find something to complain about!
▪️ما میتوانیم خانه را به بهترین شکل تمیز کنیم، اما مادر هنوز چیزی برای شکایت پیدا میکند!
• You two need to code for all you're worth to get the new software ready by the release date—which is rapidly approaching!
▪️شما دو نفر باید با تمام توان کدنویسی کنید تا نرمافزار جدید را تا تاریخ انتشار که به سرعت نزدیک میشود، آماده کنید!
🆔@English_Alikhani
Overt VS Covert
Overt
📚easily seen : not secret or hidden : Obvious
1. He shows no overt signs of his unhappiness.
2. Overt race discrimination is illegal.
3. An overt attempt to silence their political opponents
4. It was an overtly sexual advertising campaign. ( adv)
5. He never overtly expressed his feeling about this issue . ( adv)
6. This is her most overtly political play. ( adv )
Covert
📚secret or hidden
1. The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.
2. Detectives often use covert video surveillance.
3. He stole a covert glance at Lily.
4. Terrorists have been operating covertly in England for several years. ( adv)
5. The witness alleges that the FBI asked him to covertly record conversations with his boss. ( adv)
🆔@English_Alikhani
Palm (something) off or palm off (something)
📚To sell sth for more than it is worth by being dishonest about it
1. The antique dealer had tried to palm the painting off as an original.
▪️فروشنده عتیقه سعی کرد نقاشی را به عنوان اصل جا بزند.
2. He'll palm the car off on/onto some unsuspecting fool if he can.
▪️او اگر بتواند، ماشین را به یک احمق بیخبر می اندازه (گرون تر میفروشه)
3. She tried to palm the hardest part of the assignment off on me as some kind of special challenge.
▪️او سعی کرد سختترین بخش تکلیف را به من واگذار کند و آن را به عنوان یک چالش خاص جا بزند.
4. They're always palming their kids off onto other people.
▪️آنها همیشه بچههایشان را به دیگران میسپارند.
Palm yourself off as (someone)
📚to pretend to be (someone you are not)
1. He palmed himself off as a lawyer
▪️خودش را به عنوان یه وکیل جا زد .
Palm off sb with sth
📚to give sb an explanation for sth that is not true but which you hope will satisfy them
1. I feel I've just been palmed off with a series of excuses.
Frills
No-frills
📚extra things that are added to something to make it more pleasant or more attractive, but that are not necessary
1. A comfortable apartment with no-frills
▪️یک واحد مسکونی ساده و راحت( فقط نیازهای اساسی را برآورده میکند)
2. It's a no-frills shop supplying only basic goods at affordable prices.
▪️این یک فروشگاه ساده است که فقط کالاهای اساسی را با قیمتهای مناسب عرضه میکند.
No frills
📚Void of extraneous details or embellishments; not fancy, decorous, or elaborate; simple.
1. It's a real no frills kind of place, so we can get dinner someplace nicer, if you want.
▪️ این مکان واقعاً ساده و بدون زرق و برق است، پس اگر بخواهی میتوانیم برای شام به جایی شیکتر برویم
2. My history teacher is not someone who gets impressed by a beautiful cover page, so I made sure that my project was straightforward and no frills.
▪️معلم تاریخ من تحت تأثیر ظاهر زیبا قرار نمیگیرد، به همین خاطر پروژهام را به صورت مستقیم و بدون تجمل ارائه دادم.
Not so much sth as sth
📚If you say that
something is not so much one thing as something else
این ساختار زمانی استفاده میشود که بخواهیم یک ایده را دقیقتر کنیم و بگوییم دلیل اصلی چیزی، بیشتر B است تا A.
Rule of thumb
📚a method of doing something that is based on experience and common sense rather than exact calculation
1. In a cooking context:
“When baking, a rule of thumb is to preheat the oven before starting the recipe.”
2. Talking about general habits:
“As a rule of thumb, I check the weather before planning any outdoor activities.”
3. In a work setting:
“A good rule of thumb in business is to always under-promise and over-deliver.”
4. If you are struggling with the software, a good rule of thumb is to restart the computer.
5. The rule of thumb states that a 20-minute power nap can boost productivity.
Hamper vs Hinder vs Impede vs Obstruct -
Hamper
📚to make it difficult for sb to do sth
1. An attempt to rescue the men has been hampered by bad weather.
2. Construction is hampering traffic on the highway.
Hinder
📚to make (sth, such as a task or action) slow or difficult
1. His career has been hindered by injury
2. The witness refused to cooperate, hindering the investigation.
3. The country's economic growth is being hindered by the sanctions.
Impede
📚to slow the movement, progress, or action of (sb or sth)
1. The soldiers could not impede the enemy's advance.
2. The bad weather seriously impeded our progress.
Obstruct
📚to slow or block the movement, progress, or action of (sth or sb)
1. She was charged with obstructing justice by lying to investigators.
2. Several issues have obstructed [=hindered, impeded] efforts to bring peace to the region.
3. Fears that the regime would obstruct the distribution of food.
Having said that
📚used for adding an opinion that seems to be the opposite of what you have just said, although you think both are true
1. He forgets most things, but having said that, he always remembers my birthday.
▪️او بیشتر چیزها را فراموش میکند، اما با این حال، همیشه تولدم را به خاطر میسپارد.
2. What's she like to work with?"
"She's great, but having said that, she does lose her temper sometimes.
▪️کار کردن با او عالی است، اما با این حال، گاهی عصبانی میشود.
3. The diet can make you slim without exercise. Having said that, however, exercise is important too.
▪️رژیم غذایی میتواند شما را بدون ورزش لاغر کند. با این حال، ورزش هم مهم است.
Dig in your heels or dig your heels in
📚 If you dig in your heels or dig your heels in, you refuse to do something such as change your opinions or plans.
1. Well, I told Grace she can't go, and now she's dug in her heels as if this party is the most important thing in her life.
▪️به گریس گفتم که اجازه نداره بره مهمونی اما او طوری پاش رو کرده بود تو یه کفش انگار که مهمترین اتفاق عمرشه
2. It was really the British who, by digging their heels in, prevented any last-minute deal.
▪️بریتانیایی ها بودن که از سر لجاجت مانع هرگونه توافق لحظه اخری شدن
3. The more we argued, the more she dug her heels in.
▪️هرچقدر بیشتر بحث میکردیم ، بیشتر لجبازی میکرد ( مرغش یک پا داشت 🐓🦵)
None the wiser ( or not any the wiser)
📚not knowing or understanding anything more about something
📚used to describe someone who is not at all aware of something that has happened
1. The investigation has been going on for months, and we're still none the wiser about the true cause of the accident.
2. He explained it to me many times, but his lesson left me none the wiser.
3. I've read the manual twice, but I'm still none the wiser as to how this is supposed to work.
4. We could have stolen the original from the warehouse without you being any the wiser.
5. I watched the entire documentary on the topic, but I'm none the wiser about its significance.
6. The restaurant replaced the lobster with crab and the costumers were none the wiser .