Important African tribes
Bushmen --- Kalahari Desert
Zulus --- South Africa
Masais --- East Africa( cattle herders of Savannas)
Fulanis --- Western Africa
Tuaregs ---- Sahara Desert
Boers(Africaaneers) -- Dutch settlers of South Africa
Berbers --- Maghreb region
Pygmies --- Zaire(congo) Basin
Bantus --- Central and Southern Africa
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9. Banihal Pass:
- Location: Jammu and Kashmir.
- Significance: Connects Srinagar with Jammu.
5. Mana Pass:
- Location: Uttarakhand.
- Significance: Connects the Indian state of Uttarakhand with the Tibetan region.
3. Jelep La:
- Location: Sikkim.
- Significance: Connects India with Tibet, important trade route.
Ten important passes in India for UPSC Prelims Exam:
1. Rohtang Pass:
- Location: Himachal Pradesh.
- Significance: Connects Kullu Valley with Lahaul and Spiti Valleys.
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Which state has become the first in the country to present the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, historically known as the USC Bill?
A) Uttar Pradesh. 😂
B) Uttarakhand. 🙏
C) Maharashtra. 👍
D) Kerala. ❤️
Important question for UPSC Prelims 2024
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*Question:*
Where was the inauguration of the "Atal Setu," a bridge named after former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, held in Maharashtra?
A) Nashik. 😂
B) Pune. 🙏
C) Mumbai. 👍
D) Nagpur. ❤️
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10. Pir Panjal Pass:
- Location: Jammu and Kashmir.
- Significance: Major mountain pass in the Pir Panjal range.
8. Jojila Pass:
- Location: Jammu and Kashmir.
- Significance: Connects Srinagar and Leh, crucial for transportation.
6. Lipulekh Pass:
- Location: Uttarakhand.
- Significance: Tri-junction point connecting India, China, and Nepal.
4. Bomdila Pass:
- Location: Arunachal Pradesh.
- Significance: Strategic pass in the northeastern region.
2. Nathula Pass:
- Location: Sikkim.
- Significance: Strategic border crossing between India and China.
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Point-wise notes on the Persian Gulf:
Geography:
* Located between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
* Semi-enclosed body of water connected to the Arabian Sea by the Strait of Hormuz.
* Area: approximately 240,000 square kilometers.
* Average depth: 35 meters, maximum depth: 90 meters.
* Coastline shared by eight countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Oman.
History:
* Historically known as "Mare Persicum" by the Romans.
* Significant crossroads for trade and cultural exchange for centuries.
* Former center of empires like Achaemenid, Sassanid, and Abbasid.
* Discovery of oil in the early 20th century transformed the region's geopolitics.
Economy:
* Holds about 30% of the world's proven oil reserves, making it crucial for global energy markets.
* Major producer and exporter of oil and gas.
* Growing focus on developing tourism and other sectors to diversify economies.
Strategic importance:
* The Strait of Hormuz is a critical chokepoint for oil transportation, with over 20% of global oil shipments passing through it.
* Geopolitical rivalry and regional tensions are major concerns, impacting stability and energy security.
* Piracy and maritime security remain challenges in some areas.
Environmental issues:
* Pollution from oil spills, industrial waste, and coastal development.
* Overfishing and declining marine biodiversity.
* Rising sea levels and climate change pose long-term threats.
Other notes:
* Diverse cultures and traditions exist across the region.
* Tourism plays a significant role in some countries, particularly the UAE.
* Water scarcity is a major challenge for many countries bordering the Gulf.
*Question:*
Which water body in India is known for its high salinity levels, leading to unique environmental conditions and the presence of adapted flora and fauna?
A) Bay of Bengal. 😂
B) Arabian Sea. 🙏
C) Rann of Kutch. 👍
D) Ganges River. ❤️