□ Abrasion or corrasion
◇ Involves the removal of loosened materials of the rocks of valley walls and valley floors with the help of erosional tools (boulders, pebbles, cobbles, etc.). The erosional tools or river loads move down the channel gradient along with water and thus strike against the rocks which come in contact with them. Thus, abrasion is the mechanism of breakdown of rocks occasioned by erosional tools carried by the rivers.
□ Attrition
is the mechanical tear and wear of the erosional tools in themselves. The boulders, cobbles, pebbles etc. while moving with water collide against each other and thus are fragmented into smaller and finer pieces in the transit.
□ Hydraulic action
involves the breakdown of the rocks of valley sides due to the impact of water currents of channel. In fact, hydraulic action is the mechanical loosening and removal of materials of rocks by water alone.
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The IPC 1860 will be replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
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The IPC 1860 will be replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
The CrPC of 1973 will be replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
The Indian Evidence Act of 1872 will be replaced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023.
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