209146
UPSC Notes
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🔆 *Pala dynasty:*
✅ Founded by Gopala.
✅ After the death of Harsha and up to the rise of the Palas, the history of Bengal is not clear.
✅ During this time, West Bengal was known as Gauda and East Bengal as Vanga.
✅ Bengal was subject to internal disorder, which has been termed as Matsyanyaya.
✅ Gopala was the elected king by the people in a revolution to end the Matsyanyaya.
✅ Dharmapala became ruler after Gopala in about A.D. 780. He undertakes the expansion of his empire.
✅ According to Tibetan historians, Pala rulers were great patrons of Buddhist learning and religion.
✅ Dharmapala founded the famous Buddhist monastery at Vikramashila. It became eminent as Nalanda (in fame).
✅ The Pala kings patronized Hinduism as well.
✅ The Palas had close trade contacts and cultural links with South East Asia and China.
✅ The trade with South East Asia and China was very profitable and added greatly to the prosperity of the Pala Empire.
✅ The Palas were great patrons of Mahayana Buddhism. The Buddhist philosopher Haribhadra was the spiritual preceptor of Dharmapala.
✅Various mahaviharas , Stupas ,chaityas,temples and forts were constructed.
✅The earliest examples of miniature painting in India exist in the form of illustrations to the religious texts on Buddhism executed under the Palas of the eastern India.
✅Bronze casting was an important feature of pala sculptures.
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🔆 *Judicial activism and overreach*
✅ Section 153C of the Income Tax Act is an instance of Judicial Overreach.
✅ Judicial activism is the use of judicial power to articulate and enforce what is beneficial for society. However, when judicial activism goes overboard it is called judicial overreach.
✅ Judicial review is the power bestowed upon the judiciary by the constitution, to scrutinize legislative enactments and executive orders to ensure that they are in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
*▪️ Arguments :*
✅Flows from constitution
✅Addressing legislative or executive inaction:
For example, in Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan, the guidelines for the protection of women at workplace from sexual harassment
✅ Protecting Rights & Liberties: In 1979, in Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, Supreme Court took up a PIL action on behalf of under-trial prisoners who had been in jails for long time.
✅ Promoting Social Change: For instance, in Navtej Singh Johar case, 2018 Supreme Court decriminalised of same-sex relations.
*▪️ Methods :*
✅ PIL
✅ Constitutional interpretations- art 21
✅ Supervisory powers of higher courts over lower courts
✅ International statutes : Vienna convention on rights of person with disabilities etc.
*▪️Criticism :*
✅Seen as violation of Separation of powers
✅Diluting balance among organs of the government
✅Overlooking the consequences of Judgements: In 2016, Supreme Court banned liquor sale at retail outlets that are within 500 meters of any National or State highway.
✅Disruption of Policymaking
✅Legitimacy of the Government can diminish the faith of the people in the integrity, quality, & efficiency of the government
✅ Judicial populism
✅Judicial restraint : It says that judiciary should invalidate actions of legislature or executive only when constitutional limits have been clearly violated
✅ Continuous Evaluation
✅Public Awareness & Civic Engagement
✅Strengthening Democratic Institutions
*#polity*
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*📉 Economic Phenomenon Quiz 📈*
*Define Stagflation in the context of economics.*
(a) A period of high inflation and low economic growth ❤️
(b) Rapid economic growth accompanied by low inflation 👍🏻
(c) Stable prices and robust economic expansion 🙏🏻
(d) Economic recession with deflationary pressures 😂
*Answer With Emojis*
The Repo Rate is the rate at which the central bank (like the Reserve Bank of India) lends money to commercial banks in the event of a shortfall. It is a tool used to control money supply in the economy. For example, if the RBI sets the repo rate at 5%, a commercial bank borrowing 100 crore would have to pay back 105 crore after a certain period.
On the other hand, the Reverse Repo Rate is the rate at which the central bank borrows money from commercial banks. It is used to absorb excess money in the banking system. If the RBI sets the reverse repo rate at 4%, a commercial bank lending 100 crore in the money market would receive 104 crore after a certain period.
In essence, the repo rate influences the cost of borrowing for banks, affecting overall money supply, while the reverse repo rate helps manage excess liquidity in the financial system.
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जो छात्र छात्रा कोचिंग नहीं ले सकते वह हमारे फ़्री UPSC State PCS & 𝗦𝗦𝗖 ग्रुप में जुड़ने के लिए नीचे दी लिंक पर क्लिक करें, लिंक👇👇👇👇
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जो छात्र छात्रा कोचिंग नहीं ले सकते वह हमारे फ़्री UPSC State PCS & 𝗦𝗦𝗖 ग्रुप में जुड़ने के लिए नीचे दी लिंक पर क्लिक करें, लिंक👇👇👇👇
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📚Consized World Geography
📚Consized Physical Geography
📚Consized Agriculture Notes
📚Consized Indian Economy
✅ ALL Consized GS Notes @ RS 149 Only
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📚Consized MedievalHistory notes
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📚Consized Art & Culture Notes
📚Consized IndianGeography
📚Consized World Geography
📚Consized Physical Geography
📚Consized Agriculture Notes
📚Consized Indian Economy
✅ ALL Consized GS Notes @ RS 149 Only
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🛍🛍Last Chance 🛍🛍
Now ONLY 3 Copies of consized GS NOTES are available at Heavy Discount
📌 ALL Consized GS Notes Only @ Rs 149
📚Consized Ancient History Notes
📚Consized MedievalHistory notes
📚Consized Modern History Notes
📚Consized Art & Culture Notes
📚Consized IndianGeography
📚Consized World Geography
📚Consized Physical Geography
📚Consized Agriculture Notes
📚Consized Indian Economy
✅ ALL Consized GS Notes @ RS 149 Only
https://www.instamojo.com/civilservicesbooks/concise-notes-on-indian-geography-indian-agr/?discount=bumperoffer
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1⃣ Writs issued by Courts https://youtu.be/rKOuAcfLVW4
2⃣ Ancient Dynasties https://youtu.be/QzQnobS_U5U
3⃣ All Viceroys in chronology https://youtu.be/InZ0S7ZzMmM
4⃣ States touching Bhutan https://youtu.be/6uoLWuTIgck
5⃣ States touching Myanmar https://youtu.be/5bNJAGIHl9s
6⃣Capsian Sea bordering Countries https://youtu.be/d5exBtD4Puo
7⃣Black Sea bordering Countries
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8⃣Countries in Horn of Africa https://youtu.be/oNXsimE29cQ
9⃣12 Schedules of Constitution
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🔟 Countries around RED SEA
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1⃣ Mekong Ganga Cooperation
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2⃣ UN Official Language Trick
https://youtu.be/BS26EacxUUA